Nokea
A graduate nurse should begin the job search knowing that:
- A. few jobs are available for RNs because of a failing health care economy.
- B. it would be more promising to apply to a rural hospital than to an urban hospital.
- C. although efforts have been made to reduce expenditures for health care, the need for RNs remains stable.
- D. the demand for nurses to work in acute care hospitals has decreased because most services are being shifted to outpatient and ambulatory settings.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because efforts to reduce healthcare expenditures do not necessarily impact the need for RNs, which remains stable. This is supported by the ongoing demand for nurses in various healthcare settings. Choice A is incorrect as the demand for RNs is generally high. Choice B is incorrect because job availability depends on various factors beyond just the location of the hospital. Choice D is incorrect as the need for nurses in acute care hospitals remains significant despite the shift towards outpatient and ambulatory settings.
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To conduct a productive meeting, the nurse should:
- A. provide each person all the time needed to discuss desired topics.
- B. cover all emotional topics first.
- C. create an agenda with specific times allotted for each agenda item.
- D. wait for latecomers and ask for their excuse for being late.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because creating an agenda with specific times allotted for each agenda item helps in ensuring a focused and efficient meeting. It allows for proper time management, ensures all important topics are covered, and keeps the meeting on track. Providing unlimited time for each person (A) can lead to inefficiency and derail the meeting. Covering emotional topics first (B) may not be appropriate for all meetings and could affect the flow. Waiting for latecomers and asking for excuses (D) disrupts the meeting schedule and sets a precedent for unpunctuality.
A nurse manager is preparing a budget that does not base annual budgets on the revenue and expenditures of the prior year and has the advantage that outdated information is not integrated into the budget. The manager is using which budget method?
- A. Zero-based
- B. Incremental
- C. Labor
- D. Operational
Correct Answer:
Rationale: Correct Answer: A: Zero-based
Rationale:
1. Zero-based budgeting starts from scratch, evaluating each expense regardless of the prior year.
2. It helps eliminate inefficiencies and ensures resources are allocated to high-priority areas.
3. By not relying on past data, outdated information does not influence the budget decisions.
Summary:
B: Incremental budgeting builds on the previous year's budget, not starting from zero.
C: Labor budget focuses specifically on labor costs, not the overall budgeting approach.
D: Operational budget typically considers historical data and current operations, unlike zero-based budgeting.
An older adult client was admitted to the hospital with the condition classified as "pneumonia." Reimbursement was based on a predetermined fixed price. This classification system is referred to as:
- A. diagnosis-related groups (DRGs).
- B. subjective symptom management.
- C. acuity classification system.
- D. organized managed care.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: diagnosis-related groups (DRGs). This classification system assigns a fixed price to specific diagnoses or procedures, such as pneumonia, for reimbursement purposes. DRGs aim to standardize payment based on patient diagnosis and treatment, promoting efficiency and cost containment in healthcare.
B: Subjective symptom management is not a classification system for reimbursement but rather a method of addressing patient symptoms.
C: Acuity classification system refers to determining the level of care a patient needs based on severity, not reimbursement.
D: Organized managed care involves coordination of healthcare services and providers, not specific classification for reimbursement.
Organizations measure the effectiveness of their budgets by examining actual revenues and expenditures versus:
- A. planned variances.
- B. incremental budgets.
- C. productivity metrics.
- D. expected performance.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: planned variances. Organizations compare actual revenues and expenditures to planned variances to measure budget effectiveness. Planned variances show the differences between the budgeted amounts and the actual results, highlighting areas of over or underperformance. This analysis helps organizations identify reasons for deviations and adjust future budgets accordingly.
Explanation for other choices:
B: Incremental budgets focus on adjusting previous budgets by a fixed amount, not on comparing actual versus planned amounts.
C: Productivity metrics measure the efficiency of resources used, not specifically related to budget effectiveness.
D: Expected performance is a vague term that does not directly address comparing actual versus planned financial data.
During height and weight assessments at a school's health fair, a child admits to drinking a cup of coffee with his mother every morning, and another child reports enjoying a morning cup of coffee on the commute to school. These two children are both below average on the height chart, and the nurse states, "Drinking coffee stunts a child's growth." This logical fallacy is referred to as:
- A. appeal to common practice.
- B. confusing cause and effect.
- C. ad hominem abusive.
- D. red herring.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: confusing cause and effect. The nurse's statement implies that drinking coffee causes the children to be below average in height, which is a logical fallacy. Height is determined by genetics, nutrition, and overall health factors, not by drinking coffee. The nurse is mistakenly attributing the children's height to their coffee consumption without considering other relevant factors. This error in reasoning is known as confusing cause and effect.
A: Appeal to common practice is when an argument is justified based on the fact that many people do it, which is not relevant to the coffee consumption issue.
C: Ad hominem abusive is attacking the person making the argument rather than addressing the argument itself, which is not the case here.
D: Red herring is when irrelevant information is used to distract from the main issue, which is not the case in this scenario.