HESI Fundamentals Exam Test Bank

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A group of newly licensed nurses is being instructed by a nurse about the responsibilities that organ donation and procurement involve. When the nurse explains that all clients waiting for a kidney transplant have to meet the same qualifications, the newly licensed nurses should understand that this aspect of care delivery is an example of which of the following ethical principles?

  • A. Fidelity
  • B. Autonomy
  • C. Justice
  • D. Nonmaleficence
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'C: Justice.' Justice in healthcare ethics involves fairness and providing equal treatment to all individuals in similar situations. In this scenario, ensuring that all clients waiting for a kidney transplant meet the same qualifications aligns with the principle of justice by offering equal opportunities for transplantation. Choice A, 'Fidelity,' pertains to keeping promises and being loyal to patients, not the equal treatment of individuals. Choice B, 'Autonomy,' refers to respecting patients' rights to make decisions about their own care, which is not directly related to the equal qualifications for kidney transplants. Choice D, 'Nonmaleficence,' focuses on the obligation to do no harm, which is important in healthcare but not the primary ethical principle demonstrated in this scenario.

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A healthcare provider has inserted an indwelling catheter for a male patient. Where should the healthcare provider tape the catheter to prevent pressure on the client's urethra at the penoscrotal junction?

  • A. Lower abdomen
  • B. Upper thigh
  • C. Penoscrotal junction
  • D. Mid-abdomen
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Taping the catheter to the lower abdomen is the correct placement to prevent pressure on the urethra at the penoscrotal junction. Securing the catheter at the lower abdomen helps in reducing discomfort and minimizes the risk of trauma to the urethra. Placing the catheter on the upper thigh or penoscrotal junction can lead to tension on the catheter and potential discomfort for the patient. Taping the catheter to the mid-abdomen is not recommended as it does not provide the necessary support to prevent pressure on the urethra at the penoscrotal junction.

A client has a new prescription for a home oxygen concentrator. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide to the client and their family?

  • A. Check the cord routinely for frays or tearing
  • B. Use oxygen around open flames
  • C. Store oxygen concentrator in a closet
  • D. Wear synthetic clothing to prevent static electricity
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is to instruct the client and their family to check the cord routinely for frays or tearing. This is crucial to ensure the safety and proper function of the oxygen concentrator. Choice B is incorrect because oxygen should never be used around open flames due to the risk of fire. Choice C is also incorrect as oxygen cylinders or concentrators should not be stored in a closet due to ventilation and safety concerns. Choice D is incorrect because synthetic clothing can generate static electricity, which could pose a risk around oxygen equipment.

After performing foot care, the nurse checks the medical record and discovers that the patient has a disorder on the sole of the foot caused by a virus. Which condition did the nurse most likely observe?

  • A. Corns
  • B. A callus
  • C. Plantar warts
  • D. Athlete's foot
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The nurse most likely observed plantar warts, which appear on the sole of the foot and are caused by the papillomavirus. Corns (Choice A) and calluses (Choice B) are areas of thickened skin caused by pressure or friction and are not typically associated with viruses. Athlete's foot (Choice D) is a fungal infection that usually affects the skin between the toes and is not caused by a virus like plantar warts.

The nurse manager hears a healthcare provider loudly criticize one of the staff nurses within the hearing of others. The employee does not respond to the healthcare provider's complaints. The nurse manager's next action should be to

  • A. Approach the healthcare provider and staff nurse for a private meeting to address the situation.
  • B. Allow the staff nurse to handle this situation without interference.
  • C. Notify other administrative personnel of a breach of professional conduct.
  • D. Request an immediate private meeting with the healthcare provider and staff nurse.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct action for the nurse manager in this situation is to request an immediate private meeting with the healthcare provider and staff nurse. By doing so, the nurse manager can facilitate a more appropriate and professional discussion of the issues at hand in a private setting. Option A, which involves addressing the behavior quietly, may not effectively resolve the issue as it needs to be openly discussed. Option B is not advisable as the nurse manager should intervene to address the situation and provide support. Option C, notifying other administrative personnel, may escalate the situation unnecessarily before attempting to resolve it directly with the involved parties.

The healthcare provider is assessing a client with a diagnosis of asthma. Which assessment finding would be most concerning?

  • A. Wheezing
  • B. Shortness of breath
  • C. Use of accessory muscles
  • D. Cough with sputum production
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The most concerning assessment finding in a client with asthma is the use of accessory muscles. This indicates that the client is working harder to breathe, which could signify respiratory distress. Wheezing, choice A, is a common finding in asthma and indicates narrowed airways but may not necessarily imply immediate distress. Shortness of breath, choice B, is also common in asthma but may not be as concerning as the use of accessory muscles. Cough with sputum production, choice D, can occur in asthma exacerbations but may not be as critical as signs of increased work of breathing like the use of accessory muscles.

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