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A group of nursing students are preparing a class presentation on therapeutic and nontherapeutic techniques of communication. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they select which techniques to demonstrate as therapeutic? Select all that apply.
- A. Confrontation
- B. Open-ended statements
- C. Reflection
- D. Reassurance
- E. Agreement
- F. Challenges
Correct Answer: B,C
Rationale: Open-ended statements and reflection are therapeutic techniques, encouraging patient exploration and self-expression. Confrontation and challenges can be therapeutic in specific contexts but are often nontherapeutic if poorly timed. Reassurance and agreement risk dismissing patient concerns or aligning too closely, reducing therapeutic value.
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The nurse is in the orientation phase of the nurse-patient relationship with a patient diagnosed with a mental disorder. When interviewing the patient during this first encounter, which information would be most important for the nurse to obtain about the patient?
- A. Known allergies
- B. Recent hospitalizations
- C. Perception of the problem
- D. Family history
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the orientation phase, establishing trust and understanding the patient?s perspective is critical. The patient?s perception of the problem provides insight into their mental health needs and guides the therapeutic relationship. Allergies, hospitalizations, and family history are important but secondary in this initial phase.
A group of students are reviewing the process of verbal communication. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which of the following as the first component of the process?
- A. Formulation of an idea
- B. Message encoding
- C. Transmission of message
- D. Message reception
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Verbal communication begins with formulating an idea, which is then encoded, transmitted, and received. Formulation is the initial step where the speaker conceptualizes the message.
The nurse is engaged in a therapeutic nurse-patient relationship. The relationship is in the working phase. With which of the following would the patient be involved? Select all that apply.
- A. Beginning to identify a need
- B. Testing new ways for problem solving
- C. Testing the relationship
- D. Discussing problems related to needs
- E. Examining personal issues
Correct Answer: B,D,E
Rationale: In the working phase of the nurse-patient relationship (per Peplau), the patient actively engages in problem-solving, discussing needs, and examining personal issues to achieve therapeutic goals. Identifying needs and testing the relationship occur in the orientation phase.
While providing care to a patient with a mental disorder, the patient asks the nurse, 'Does mental illness run in your family?' Which response by the nurse would be most inappropriate?
- A. Mental illnesses do run in families, and I?ve had a lot of experience caring for people with mental illness.
- B. It sounds like you are concerned that there may be a family connection to your current problem?
- C. Yes, it does. I have a sister who was diagnosed several years ago with severe major depression.
- D. Mental illness can be family related. Let?s focus the discussion on you and how you?re doing today.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Self-disclosure, especially personal details like a family member?s mental illness, is inappropriate in therapeutic communication unless it directly benefits the patient. Option C risks shifting focus to the nurse. Other responses redirect to the patient?s concerns or provide general information, maintaining therapeutic focus.
When communicating with a patient, which of the following would the nurse use to convey positive body language?
- A. Sitting erect with back against the chair
- B. Crossing the arms over the chest
- C. Sitting at the patient?s eye level
- D. Keeping the feet flat on the floor with the legs crossed
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sitting at the patient?s eye level conveys openness, respect, and engagement, fostering positive communication. Crossing arms or legs can appear defensive, and sitting erect with back against the chair may seem rigid, less conducive to rapport.