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A group of nursing students are reviewing the various theories that form the basis for psychiatric-mental health nursing. The students demonstrate understanding of these theories when they identify which theorist as addressing female development? Select all that apply.
- A. Maslow
- B. Gilligan
- C. Bandura
- D. Miller
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Gilligan. Carol Gilligan is known for her work on female development, particularly in contrast to the male-focused theories of development by theorists like Kohlberg. Gilligan emphasized the importance of relationships, care, and compassion in moral development, which are often more central to female experiences. Maslow's hierarchy of needs (A) is a general theory of motivation, not specific to female development. Bandura (C) is known for social learning theory, which applies to all genders. Miller (D) is not a theorist associated with female development. In this context, Gilligan stands out as the theorist most directly addressing female development.
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After teaching a class of nursing students about the rights of persons receiving mental health services, the instructor determines a need for additional instruction when the students identify which of the following as a right?
- A. Freedom from restraints or seclusion
- B. Access to one’s own mental health records on request
- C. An individualized written treatment plan
- D. Refuse treatment during an emergency situation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the right to refuse treatment during an emergency situation is not an absolute right for persons receiving mental health services. In emergency situations where a person's life or safety is at risk, healthcare providers may need to provide treatment even if the individual refuses. This is done to ensure the person's immediate safety and well-being. It is essential for healthcare providers to act in the best interest of the individual in emergency situations.
A: Freedom from restraints or seclusion is a right as it promotes dignity and autonomy.
B: Access to one's own mental health records on request is a right that promotes transparency and informed decision-making.
C: An individualized written treatment plan is a right to ensure personalized and effective care.
An instructor is preparing a class discussion on the various theoretical models used in psychiatric-mental health nursing. When describing cognitive theories, which statement would the instructor include?
- A. `The theories attempt to explain the mental processes development and effects on behavior.
- B. `The theories attempt to describe how people learn and act.
- C. `The theories attempt to link internal thought processes with behavior.
- D. `The theories attempt to explain normal human growth and development.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: `The theories attempt to link internal thought processes with behavior. Cognitive theories in psychiatric-mental health nursing focus on how internal thought processes, such as perceptions, beliefs, and interpretations, influence behavior. They emphasize the role of cognition in shaping emotions and actions. This statement accurately reflects the core focus of cognitive theories.
Choice A is incorrect because it refers more to psychological theories that explain mental processes' development and effects on behavior in general, not specifically focusing on cognitive processes. Choice B is incorrect as it describes behavioral theories that emphasize learning and actions rather than internal thought processes. Choice D is incorrect as it pertains to developmental theories that explain normal human growth and maturation, not specifically cognitive processes and behavior.
A nursing student is assigned to care for a patient diagnosed with schizophrenia. When talking about this patient in a clinical postconference, the student would use which terminology when referring to the patient?
- A. Committed patient
- B. Schizophrenic
- C. Schizophrenic patient
- D. Person with schizophrenia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Person with schizophrenia. This terminology is person-first language, emphasizing the individual over the condition. It is respectful, person-centered, and reduces stigma. Using terms like "schizophrenic" (B), "schizophrenic patient" (C), or "committed patient" (A) can be dehumanizing, label-focused, and perpetuate negative stereotypes. It is important to always prioritize personhood and dignity when referring to individuals with mental health conditions.
A nurse is explaining recovery to the family of a patient diagnosed with a mental disorder. Which statement would be most appropriate for the nurse to include about this process?
- A. `It is a step-by-step process from being ill to being well.
- B. `The patient focuses mainly on the emotional aspects of his condition.
- C. `The patient is helped to live a meaningful life to his fullest potential.
- D. `Although peer support is important, the self-acceptance is essential.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because recovery from a mental disorder involves helping the patient live a meaningful life to their fullest potential. This statement acknowledges the holistic approach to recovery, focusing not only on symptom management but also on empowerment and quality of life. It emphasizes the importance of supporting the patient in achieving their goals and aspirations. On the other hand, choices A and B are too simplistic and do not capture the complexity of the recovery process. Choice D, although acknowledging the importance of self-acceptance, does not encompass the broader concept of living a fulfilling life beyond just peer support and self-acceptance.
A patient receives a court order for commitment. Which of the following best exemplifies the concept of `least restrictive environment?
- A. Involuntary commitment to an outpatient community mental health center
- B. Medication administration for sedation so the patient cannot get out of bed
- C. Placing the patient in a locked padded room in response to threats of self-harm
- D. Allowing the patient to make the decision about whether treatment is necessary
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because involuntary commitment to an outpatient community mental health center provides treatment while allowing the patient to remain in the community and maintain some level of freedom. This option aligns with the principle of the least restrictive environment by balancing the patient's need for treatment with their rights and autonomy.
Option B is incorrect as sedating a patient to prevent them from getting out of bed is overly restrictive and limits their freedom unnecessarily. Option C is also incorrect as placing a patient in a locked padded room is highly restrictive and does not promote autonomy or community integration. Option D is incorrect because allowing the patient to decide on treatment, while important, may not always align with their best interests in cases of severe mental illness requiring involuntary commitment for safety and treatment.