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A group of nursing students is reviewing possible risk factors for development of borderline personality disorder. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which of the following as a risk factor? Select all that apply.
- A. Childhood sexual abuse
- B. Parental loss
- C. Substance abuse
- D. Family history
- E. Genetics
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: Risk factors for BPD include childhood sexual abuse (A), parental loss (B), family history (D), and genetics (E), reflecting environmental and hereditary influences. Substance abuse (C) is a common comorbidity but not a primary risk factor for developing BPD.
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A nursing instructor is preparing a class discussion on personality disorders and characteristics. Which term would the instructor include to differentiate personality disorders from normal personality? Select all that apply.
- A. Inflexible
- B. Short term
- C. Pervasive
- D. Unstable over time
- E. Distressing
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: Personality disorders are characterized by inflexible (A), pervasive (C), and distressing (E) patterns of behavior that deviate from normal personality traits. They are not short-term (B) but enduring, and while unstable relationships or emotions may occur, ?unstable over time? (D) is not a defining feature of the disorder itself.
A nurse is observing a client diagnosed with borderline personality disorder on the inpatient unit. Which of the following would the nurse most likely note?
- A. Actively participating in several different groups
- B. Openly verbalizing feelings
- C. Participating in relationships in which the client has control
- D. Adhering to the personal boundaries of others
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Clients with BPD often seek control in relationships (C) due to fears of abandonment and emotional instability. Active group participation (A), open verbalization (B), and boundary adherence (D) are less likely due to impulsivity and interpersonal difficulties.
A client diagnosed with borderline personality disorder tells the nurse that she frequently spaces out. Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate?
- A. Do you feel stressed most of the time?
- B. Does this frighten you when it happens?
- C. What?s happening around you when this occurs?
- D. Do you feel as if you are out of your body?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The client?s description of ?spacing out? suggests dissociation, common in BPD. Asking if she feels out of her body (D) directly assesses the nature of this dissociative experience. Asking about stress (A), fear (B), or external events (C) is less specific to confirming dissociation.
The nurse is assessing a client who has borderline personality disorder. Which of the following would be a priority?
- A. Nutrition patterns
- B. Personal hygiene practices
- C. Physical functioning
- D. Somatic complaints
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Physical functioning (C) is a priority in BPD assessment due to the risk of self-harm or impulsivity affecting safety and health. Nutrition (A), hygiene (B), and somatic complaints (D) are important but secondary, as they are less immediately tied to life-threatening risks like self-injury.
A nurse is engaged in role-playing with a client with borderline personality disorder to assist the client in learning how to communicate effectively. Which of the following would the nurse encourage the client to use? Select all that apply.
- A. Me statements
- B. Validating perceptions with others
- C. Paraphrasing before responding
- D. Listening passively
- E. Compromising
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: Effective communication in BPD includes validating others? perceptions (B), paraphrasing before responding (C), and compromising (E) to foster mutual understanding. ?Me? statements (A) are less specific than ?I? statements, and passive listening (D) is less effective than active engagement.