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A group of nursing students is reviewing the history of the development of cognitive therapies over the years. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which individual as being responsible for first developing cognitive therapy interventions?
- A. Aaron Beck
- B. Sigmund Freud
- C. Albert Ellis
- D. de Shazer and Berg
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Aaron Beck is credited with developing cognitive therapy, focusing on altering distorted thoughts to improve mental health. Freud developed psychoanalysis, Ellis pioneered rational emotive behavior therapy, and de Shazer and Berg created solution-focused brief therapy, not cognitive therapy.
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When engaged in rational emotive behavior therapy, which of the following would be addressed during the activating event sequence?
- A. Teaching the connection between beliefs and consequences
- B. Assessing the consequences of the problem
- C. Facilitating the working-through process
- D. Preparing patient to deepen conviction in rational beliefs
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT), the activating event sequence (A-B-C model) involves teaching how an activating event (A) triggers beliefs (B) that lead to consequences (C). This connection is addressed first to help patients understand and challenge irrational beliefs.
A group of nursing students is reviewing information about cognitive processes and the development of mental disorders. The students demonstrate a need for additional review when they identify which of the following as being involved?
- A. Cognitive triad
- B. Cognitive distortions
- C. Schema
- D. Compliments
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cognitive processes in mental disorders include the cognitive triad, cognitive distortions, and schemas, which shape negative thought patterns. Compliments (D) are unrelated to cognitive processes in this context, indicating a misunderstanding by the students.
A person was supposed to meet a friend at a local theatre to see a movie. The friend never showed up. The person?s initial thought was, 'My friend didn?t come because she doesn?t like me.' This automatic thought was most likely inferred from which irrational belief?
- A. I?m worthless, so no one could really want to be my friend.
- B. Movies are a waste of time and money anyway.
- C. I?m sure she just got confused and thought we were going to a different movie.
- D. I?m so forgetful and confused sometimes; I probably wrote down the wrong time.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The automatic thought 'My friend didn?t come because she doesn?t like me' stems from an irrational belief of personal worthlessness, as in option A. Options B, C, and D reflect rationalization, external attribution, or self-blame for confusion, not the core belief driving the negative interpretation.
A group of nursing students is preparing a class presentation comparing the different types of cognitive therapies. When describing solution-focused brief therapy, which of the following would the students identify as being different from the other therapies?
- A. Focus on functional aspects of the patient
- B. Challenge about the existence of problems
- C. Assumption that change is not constant
- D. View of the past rather than the present
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) differs from other cognitive therapies by focusing on the patient?s strengths and functional aspects to build solutions, rather than analyzing problems or past events. Other therapies may challenge beliefs or focus on the past, and SFBT assumes change is possible, not static.
A nurse who is working with a patient being treated for depression is using solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) during the patient?s brief psychiatric hospitalization. The nurse decides to use an exception question. Which question would the nurse most likely use?
- A. When did you first feel depressed?
- B. When do you not feel depressed?
- C. What feelings contribute to your depression?
- D. What has to happen for you to feel depressed?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In SFBT, an exception question asks about times when the problem (depression) is absent or less severe, as in 'When do you not feel depressed?' This helps identify strengths and solutions. Other options focus on the problem?s onset or causes, which are less aligned with SFBT?s solution-oriented approach.