Nokea
A group of students is reviewing information about the various types of insulin used to treat type 1 diabetes. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which of these insulins as having the longest duration?
- A. Lispro
- B. Regular
- C. NPH
- D. Glargine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is Glargine (Lantus) as it has the longest duration of action among the insulins listed, lasting 12 to 24 hours. Lispro (A) and Regular (B) are rapid-acting insulins with shorter durations of action. NPH (C) is an intermediate-acting insulin with a duration of action of about 12-16 hours. Therefore, Glargine is the correct choice for the insulin with the longest duration.
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When assessing a 10-month-old infant, what developmental milestone should the nurse expect to observe?
- A. Crawling
- B. Sitting without support
- C. Standing with assistance
- D. Pulling to a stand
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: At 10 months of age, pulling to a stand is a developmental milestone that most infants can achieve. Crawling typically occurs around 6-9 months, sitting without support around 6-8 months, and standing with assistance around 7-11 months. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are not the expected developmental milestones for a 10-month-old infant.
A child with a diagnosis of celiac disease is being discharged. What dietary instructions should the nurse provide?
- A. Avoid dairy products
- B. Avoid gluten
- C. Avoid high-fat foods
- D. Avoid foods high in sugar
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to 'Avoid gluten.' Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten consumption, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. By avoiding gluten-containing foods, individuals with celiac disease can prevent damage to their small intestine and manage their symptoms effectively. Choice A, 'Avoid dairy products,' is incorrect as dairy is not directly related to celiac disease. Choice C, 'Avoid high-fat foods,' and Choice D, 'Avoid foods high in sugar,' are incorrect as they are not primary dietary concerns in managing celiac disease. The main focus should be on eliminating gluten sources from the diet.
A 3-year-old child with a diagnosis of acute otitis media is being discharged. What should the nurse include in the discharge teaching?
- A. Encourage the child to drink plenty of fluids
- B. Encourage the child to eat a balanced diet
- C. Administer pain medication as needed
- D. Apply warm compresses to the affected ear
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to encourage the child to drink plenty of fluids. Encouraging adequate fluid intake helps to relieve symptoms and prevent dehydration in children with acute otitis media. A balanced diet (choice B) is important for overall health but is not specifically related to managing otitis media. While pain medication (choice C) may be prescribed, it should not be administered without medical advice. Applying warm compresses (choice D) is not typically recommended for acute otitis media as it can potentially worsen the condition by promoting bacterial growth.
When you attempt to assess a 22-year-old woman who has been sexually assaulted, and she orders you not to touch her, your most appropriate initial action should be to
- A. ask the patient to sign a release form
- B. ask a female EMT-B to attempt to assess the patient
- C. explain to the patient that she must be examined
- D. transport the patient without performing an assessment
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this scenario, the patient has requested not to be touched, indicating a need for sensitivity and understanding. Asking a female EMT-B to attempt to assess the patient is the most appropriate initial action as it respects the patient's need for privacy, comfort, and potentially reduces re-traumatization. Asking the patient to sign a release form (Choice A) is not suitable as it disregards the patient's immediate concerns. Explaining to the patient that she must be examined (Choice C) may further distress her and violate her autonomy. Transporting the patient without performing an assessment (Choice D) ignores the patient's expressed wishes and may lead to inadequate care.
At 2 years of age, a child is readmitted to the hospital for additional surgery. What is the most important factor in preparing the toddler for this experience?
- A. Meeting the child's wishes
- B. Previous hospitalization experience
- C. Preventing the child from staying with strangers
- D. Ensuring ongoing parental affection
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most important factor in preparing a toddler for additional surgery is their previous hospitalization experience. This familiarity with the hospital setting and procedures can help reduce anxiety and fear in the child. Choice A, meeting the child's wishes, may not always align with what is medically necessary or safe for the child. Choice C, preventing the child from staying with strangers, is important for general comfort but may not directly address the child's preparation for surgery. Choice D, ensuring ongoing parental affection, is crucial for emotional support but may not have the same impact as the child's previous hospitalization experience in preparing them for the surgery.