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A group of students performed an experiment to test terminal velocity, which is the greatest speed obtained by a falling object. The students dropped different numbers of coffee filters and measured the resulting terminal velocity. Data Table: Mass (g): 1.01, 1.99, 3.02, 4.0, 5.01; Terminal Velocity (m/s): 1.74, 2.48, 3.04, 3.50, 3.80. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the data?

  • A. Terminal velocity is reached when the force of gravity equals air resistance.
  • B. The greater the number of filters, the smaller the terminal velocity.
  • C. Heavier objects reach terminal velocity more quickly.
  • D. Heavier objects fall faster than lighter objects.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The data indicates that as the number of coffee filters increases, the terminal velocity decreases, supporting the conclusion in Choice B. Terminal velocity is reached when the force of gravity equals air resistance, which is not explicitly shown in the data. Heavier objects reaching terminal velocity more quickly and heavier objects falling faster than lighter objects are not supported by the provided data, as the experiment was conducted with coffee filters of different masses, not different objects.

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Blockage and inflammation of which of the following structures most often leads to facial acne?

  • A. Lacrimal glands
  • B. Sebaceous glands
  • C. Ceruminous glands
  • D. Sudoriferous glands
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Sebaceous glands are responsible for producing sebum, an oily substance that can clog pores when overproduced or combined with dead skin cells. This blockage promotes the growth of acne-causing bacteria and leads to inflammation. The other glands listed in the choices do not play a significant role in the development of facial acne. Ceruminous glands produce earwax (cerumen) to protect the ear canal, sudoriferous glands produce sweat to regulate body temperature, and lacrimal glands produce tears to lubricate and protect the eyes.

What is the function of a totipotent cell?

  • A. Fights infection
  • B. Develops into any type of cell
  • C. Aids in the maturation of sex cells
  • D. Carries electrical impulses
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Totipotent cells possess the remarkable ability to differentiate into any cell type in the body, encompassing both embryonic and extraembryonic cell varieties. This quality is crucial in the early stages of embryonic development, facilitating the generation of all cell lineages and tissues. Unlike pluripotent or multipotent cells, totipotent cells exhibit the most extensive differentiation potential, playing a vital role in the organism's development from a single fertilized egg cell.

Which of the following nucleotides is only found in RNA?

  • A. Adenine
  • B. Uracil
  • C. Guanine
  • D. Thymine
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Uracil. Uracil is a nucleotide base that is specifically found in RNA. In DNA, thymine replaces uracil. Adenine, guanine, and cytosine are nucleotides present in both RNA and DNA. Understanding the unique nucleotide composition of RNA and DNA is essential in molecular biology to comprehend the genetic information flow and transcription processes accurately. RNA uses uracil instead of thymine, which is a key distinction between the two nucleic acids.

From which region of the intestine does the vermiform appendix extend, known as which of the following?

  • A. Ischium
  • B. Cecum
  • C. Rectum
  • D. Jejunum
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Cecum. The vermiform appendix, a small tube-like structure, extends from the cecum, located in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen. Knowing the anatomical relationships among different intestinal parts is essential for identifying the appendix's origin.

Which of the following cell types produce and release antibodies?

  • A. Helper T cells
  • B. Cytotoxic T cells
  • C. Plasma B cells
  • D. Natural Killer cells
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Plasma B cells are specialized cells that are responsible for producing and releasing antibodies. These antibodies play a vital role in the immune response by recognizing and neutralizing harmful pathogens like bacteria and viruses. Helper T cells aid in activating B cells and other immune cells, cytotoxic T cells are involved in eliminating infected or abnormal cells, and natural killer cells are part of the innate immune system, targeting virus-infected and tumor cells.

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