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A health care provider performs a clinical breast examination on a woman diagnosed with fibroadenomHow would the nurse explain the defining characteristics of a fibroadenoma?
- A. Inflammation of the milk ducts and glands behind the nipples
- B. Thick, sticky discharge from the nipple of the affected breast
- C. Lumpiness in both breasts that develops 1 week before menstruation
- D. Single lump in one breast that can be expected to shrink as the woman ages
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fibroadenomas are usually solitary lumps that shrink as the woman ages. They are benign and distinct from other conditions like mammary duct ectasia or fibrocystic changes.
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A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving oxytocin to augment labor. The client has an intrauterine pressure catheter and an internal fetal scalp electrode for monitoring. Which of the following is an indication that the nurse should discontinue the infusion?
- A. Contraction frequency every 3 min
- B. Contraction duration of 100 seconds
- C. Fetal heart rate with moderate variability
- D. Fetal heart rate of 118/min
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Contractions lasting longer than 90 seconds (tachysystole) can lead to fetal distress by reducing uteroplacental blood flow. Oxytocin should be discontinued if contractions become excessive. Moderate variability and normal fetal heart rate do not indicate distress.
Which condition would leuprolide acetate (Lupron) be prescribed for?
- A. Anovulatory cycles
- B. Uterine fibroids
- C. Polycystic ovary disease (PCOD)
- D. Luteal phase inadequacy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Leuprolide acetate is used to treat endometriosis and uterine fibroids, not anovulatory cycles or PCOD.
What type of mastectomy removes the entire breast but leaves the chest wall intact?
- A. total simple mastectomy
- B. modified radical mastectomy
- C. skin-sparing mastectomy
- D. nipple-sparing mastectomy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A total simple mastectomy is a type of mastectomy that removes the entire breast, including the breast tissue, nipple, and areola, but it leaves the chest wall muscles intact. In this procedure, the lymph nodes under the arm (axillary lymph nodes) are not typically removed. The total simple mastectomy is usually performed when the breast cancer is small and localized, and there is no evidence of spread to the surrounding lymph nodes or chest wall. This surgery is considered less extensive than other types of mastectomies, such as modified radical mastectomy, skin-sparing mastectomy, or nipple-sparing mastectomy, which involve different levels of tissue removal.
Which statement is the most complete and accurate description of medical abortions?
- A. Medical abortions are performed only for maternal health.
- B. They can be achieved through surgical procedures or with drugs.
- C. Medical abortions are mostly performed in the second trimester.
- D. They can be either elective or therapeutic.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Medical abortions can be either elective (the woman's choice) or therapeutic (for maternal or fetal health). They are typically performed in the first trimester using medication.
Historically what was the justification for the victimization of women?
- A. Women were regarded as possessions.
- B. Women were created subordinate to men.
- C. Women were the 'weaker sex.'
- D. Control of women was necessary to protect them.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Misogyny, patriarchy, devaluation of women, power imbalance, a view of women as property, gender-role stereotyping, and acceptance of aggressive male behaviors as appropriate contributed and continue to contribute to the subordinate status of women in many of the world's societies.