ATI Detailed Answer Key Medical Surgical

ATI Detailed Answer Key Medical Surgical Related

Review ATI Detailed Answer Key Medical Surgical related questions and content

A healthcare professional is assessing a client who has a fracture of the femur. Vital signs are obtained on admission and again in 2 hours. Which of the following changes in assessment should indicate to the healthcare professional that the client could be developing a serious complication?

  • A. Increased respiratory rate from 18 to 44/min
  • B. Increased oral temperature from 36.6° C (97.8° F) to 37° C (98.6° F)
  • C. Increased blood pressure from 112/68 to 120/72 mm Hg
  • D. Increased heart rate from 68 to 72/min
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Increased respiratory rate from 18 to 44/min indicates potential respiratory distress, a serious complication post-fracture.
Step 2: Rapid breathing can signify hypoxemia, pulmonary embolism, or infection, requiring immediate intervention.
Step 3: Increased oral temperature and blood pressure within normal range are not as critical as respiratory distress.
Step 4: A slight increase in heart rate is common after a fracture and not indicative of a serious complication.

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While caring for a client with extensive partial and full-thickness burns of the head, neck, and chest, which risk should the nurse prioritize for assessment and intervention?

  • A. Airway obstruction
  • B. Infection
  • C. Fluid imbalance
  • D. Paralytic ileus
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Airway obstruction. This should be prioritized because burns to the head, neck, and chest can lead to swelling and inflammation, potentially compromising the airway. Maintaining a clear airway is crucial for oxygenation and ventilation. If the airway becomes obstructed, it can quickly lead to respiratory distress or failure. Assessing for signs of airway compromise and intervening promptly is essential to prevent serious complications.

Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because while infection, fluid imbalance, and paralytic ileus are also important considerations in burn care, they are not as immediately life-threatening as airway obstruction in this case. Infection can be managed with appropriate wound care, fluid imbalance can be addressed with fluid resuscitation, and paralytic ileus can be treated with medications and bowel management strategies.

Describe the differences in action of SSRIs, SNRIs, and atypical antidepressants.

  • A. High blood pressure
  • B. Increased heart rate
  • C. Decreased oxygen supply
  • D. Muscle relaxation
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it is the most appropriate response based on physiological and medical principles.

The patient will be placed under moderate sedation to allow realignment of a fracture in the emergency department. When the family asks about this anesthesia, what should the nurse tell them?

  • A. Includes inhalation agents
  • B. Induces high levels of sedation
  • C. Frequently used for traumatic injuries
  • D. Patients remain responsive and breathe without assistance
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Moderate sedation keeps patients responsive and maintains spontaneous breathing.

What is contraindicated for a client being treated for Ménière’s disease?

  • A. Alcohol
  • B. Smoking
  • C. A high-protein diet
  • D. Cough syrups and other CNS depressants
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: CNS depressants can worsen dizziness and imbalance associated with Ménière’s disease.

Medications are given to older adults for many different conditions. A good rule to follow for medication use in older adults is to:

  • A. Use once daily dosing
  • B. Take all medications at the same time
  • C. Request brand name medications
  • D. Use the lowest possible effective dose
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Older adults are more sensitive to medications due to decreased kidney and liver function. Using the lowest effective dose minimizes side effects and drug interactions.

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