LPN Pharmacology Questions

LPN Pharmacology Questions Related

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A healthcare professional is assessing a client who has been taking digoxin. Which of the following findings should the healthcare professional report to the provider?

  • A. Weight gain
  • B. Dry cough
  • C. Hypokalemia
  • D. Bradycardia
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Bradycardia. Bradycardia is a significant finding associated with digoxin toxicity. Digoxin, a medication commonly used to treat heart conditions, can lead to bradycardia as a sign of toxicity. Bradycardia requires immediate attention and reporting to the healthcare provider for further evaluation and management to prevent serious complications. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because weight gain, dry cough, and hypokalemia are not specific signs of digoxin toxicity. While weight gain can be a side effect of digoxin, it is not a classic sign of toxicity. Dry cough is more commonly associated with medications like ACE inhibitors, and hypokalemia can be a complication of digoxin therapy but is not a direct sign of toxicity.

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When educating a client with a new prescription for nitroglycerin, which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

  • A. Store the medication in a cool, dark place.
  • B. Take the medication before bedtime.
  • C. Take the medication with food.
  • D. Take the medication at the first sign of chest pain.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct instruction for a client with a new prescription for nitroglycerin is to take the medication at the first sign of chest pain. Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator used to relieve chest pain associated with angina. Taking it at the onset of chest pain ensures prompt relief by dilating blood vessels and increasing blood flow to the heart muscle. Storing nitroglycerin in a cool, dark place helps maintain its potency, while taking it with food can alter its absorption. Timing the medication with bedtime is not necessary, but prompt administration at the first sign of chest pain is crucial for effective management of angina. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because storing the medication in a cool, dark place, taking it before bedtime, and taking it with food are not essential instructions for nitroglycerin use. The priority is to administer it promptly when chest pain occurs to achieve optimal therapeutic effects.

Infants and young children are at higher risk of ADRs due to:

  • A. Immature renal function in school-age children
  • B. Lack of safety and efficacy studies in the pediatric population
  • C. Children's skin being thicker than adults, requiring higher doses of topical medication
  • D. Infant boys having a higher proportion of muscle mass, leading to a higher volume of distribution
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Choice B is correct because limited pediatric studies mean less data on safety and efficacy, increasing ADR risk due to untested dosing and effects. Choice A is incorrect as immature renal function applies to infants, not school-age children specifically. Choice C is wrong because children's skin is thinner, not thicker, and this isn't the primary risk. Choice D is incorrect since infant muscle mass is lower, not higher, and not the key factor.

The process that clears the body of a drug is:

  • A. Distribution
  • B. Excretion
  • C. Absorption
  • D. Metabolism
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Choice B is correct because excretion is the process by which the body eliminates a drug, primarily via the kidneys, completing its removal from the system. Choice A is incorrect as distribution moves the drug within the body, not out of it. Choice C is wrong because absorption brings the drug into the bloodstream, not clears it. Choice D is incorrect since metabolism transforms the drug, but excretion removes it.

A client has a new prescription for phenytoin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

  • A. Take the medication with a full glass of water.
  • B. Avoid consuming dairy products.
  • C. Take the medication on an empty stomach.
  • D. Expect a metallic taste in your mouth.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct instruction for a client prescribed phenytoin is to avoid consuming dairy products. Dairy products can reduce the absorption of phenytoin. Taking the medication with a full glass of water (Choice A) is generally a good practice for oral medications but is not specifically required for phenytoin. Taking the medication on an empty stomach (Choice C) can lead to gastrointestinal upset, so it is not recommended for phenytoin. Expecting a metallic taste in the mouth (Choice D) is a possible side effect of phenytoin but is not a crucial instruction for the client to follow.

Risk factors for misuse of controlled substances include:

  • A. History of substance abuse
  • B. Young age
  • C. Mental health disorders
  • D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Choice D is correct because prior substance abuse, young age (impulsivity), and mental health issues (self-medication) are all established risk factors for misuse, per addiction research. Choice A is incorrect alone as it's one factor. Choice B is wrong by itself because age is just part. Choice C is incorrect solo since mental health is only one aspect.