Nokea
A healthcare professional is assessing a client who has chronic pain. Which of the following findings should the healthcare professional expect?
- A. Hypotension
- B. Tachycardia
- C. Hyperthermia
- D. Depression
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Chronic pain is associated with various psychological effects, including depression. Clients experiencing chronic pain may develop feelings of hopelessness, helplessness, and despair, which are characteristic of depression. It is essential for healthcare professionals to recognize and address these psychological impacts when caring for clients with chronic pain.
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A type of heat loss that occurs when the heat is dissipated by air current
- A. Convection
- B. Conduction
- C. Radiation
- D. Evaporation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Convection dissipates heat via air movement e.g., a fan cooling a feverish patient. Conduction (direct contact), radiation (infrared), and evaporation (sweat) differ. Nurses use this principle e.g., adjusting room airflow to manage hyperthermia, aligning with thermoregulation basics in patient care.
Which of the following statement is NOT true about narcotic analgesics?
- A. It works on the CNS to relieve pain
- B. There is no ceiling effect
- C. Causes physical dependence
- D. May cause respiratory depression
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Narcotic analgesics work on the CNS (A), cause dependence (C), and may depress respiration (D), per opioid action. No ceiling effect (B) is untrue opioids have a dose limit beyond which pain relief plateaus, unlike non-opioids. B's falsehood contrasts with pharmacology, making it the correct not-true statement.
Contraindications to Lumbar puncture include all except:
- A. Raised ICP
- B. Neoplasm
- C. Hematoma
- D. Headache
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Lumbar puncture (LP) risks complications if contraindicated. Raised intracranial pressure (ICP) (choice A) can cause herniation post-LP, a fatal risk. Neoplasm (choice B) or hematoma (choice C) may increase ICP or bleeding risk, making LP dangerous. Headache (choice D) is a symptom, not a contraindication, and may even prompt LP (e.g., meningitis diagnosis). D is correct, as headache doesn't preclude LP. Nurses assess for ICP signs (e.g., papilledema), ensure safety, and manage post-LP headaches, supporting diagnostic accuracy.
Which of the following is an expected reaction from a client who has just been told by the physician that his tumor is malignant and has metastasis in to several organs?
- A. Crying uncontrollably
- B. Criticizing medical care
- C. Refusing to visit visitors
- D. Asking for additional medical consultations
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A malignant, metastatic diagnosis often triggers grief's depression stage (Kübler-Ross), with crying as a natural emotional release. Criticism, withdrawal, or seeking consultations may reflect denial or bargaining, less immediate than sorrow. Nurses expect and support this reaction, offering empathy and presence, facilitating coping as patients process a life-altering prognosis, critical for emotional care.
During the planning phase of the nursing process, which of the following is the outcome?
- A. Nursing history
- B. Nursing notes
- C. Nursing care plan
- D. Nursing diagnosis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The planning phase of the nursing process culminates in the creation of a nursing care plan, which outlines specific, measurable goals and interventions tailored to the patient's needs. This plan serves as a roadmap for the implementation phase, ensuring care is individualized and goal-directed. The nursing history, collected during assessment, provides background data but isn't the outcome of planning. Nursing notes document ongoing care and observations, occurring throughout the process, not specifically as a planning product. The nursing diagnosis, formulated in the diagnosis phase, identifies problems but precedes planning; it informs the care plan rather than being its outcome. By producing a nursing care plan, the planning phase bridges assessment and action, enabling nurses to address patient needs effectively and evaluate progress, making it the clear and logical result of this critical step in the nursing process.