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A healthcare professional is educating a group of parents on preventing childhood obesity. What should the professional recommend?
- A. Encourage high-calorie snacks
- B. Limit screen time
- C. Encourage fast food as a treat
- D. Allow the child to eat freely
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to limit screen time when preventing childhood obesity. Excessive screen time is associated with a sedentary lifestyle and can lead to increased consumption of unhealthy foods. Encouraging high-calorie snacks (choice A) contradicts the goal of preventing obesity. While fast food as an occasional treat (choice C) can be acceptable in moderation, it should not be encouraged as a preventive measure against obesity. Allowing the child to eat freely (choice D) without guidance can lead to overconsumption of unhealthy foods and contribute to obesity risk.
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The child has been admitted for a sickle cell crisis. What would the nurse do first to provide adequate pain management?
- A. Administer a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) as ordered.
- B. Use guided imagery and therapeutic touch.
- C. Administer meperidine as ordered.
- D. Initiate pain assessment with a standardized pain scale.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Initiating pain assessment with a standardized pain scale is crucial in managing pain effectively during a sickle cell crisis. This step allows the nurse to objectively evaluate the child's pain level and tailor the pain management plan accordingly. Administering medication without a proper assessment could lead to inappropriate pain management. Using guided imagery and therapeutic touch may be beneficial as adjunct therapies but should not replace the initial pain assessment. Meperidine is not typically the first-line choice for pain management in sickle cell crisis due to its potential for neurotoxic metabolites.
A 6-year-old with muscular dystrophy was recently injured falling out of bed at home. What intervention should the nurse suggest to prevent further injury?
- A. Recommend raising the bed's side rails when a caregiver is not present.
- B. Suggest a caregiver be present continuously to prevent falls from bed.
- C. Encourage the use of loose restraints while in bed.
- D. Recommend raising the bed's side rails throughout the day and night.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In this scenario, the most appropriate intervention to prevent further injury is to raise the bed's side rails when a caregiver is not present. This measure helps in preventing falls without the need for constant supervision. Choice B is not practical as continuous caregiver presence may not always be feasible. Choice C is unsafe as loose restraints can pose a strangulation risk. Choice D does not address the need for intervention when a caregiver is absent, potentially leading to an increased risk of falls.
During the second week of hospitalization for intravenous antibiotic therapy, a 2-year-old toddler whose family is unable to visit often smiles easily, goes to all the nurses happily, and does not express interest in the parent when the parent does visit. The parent tells the nurse, 'I am pleased about the adjustment but somewhat concerned about my child's reaction to me.' How should the nurse respond?
- A. The child is repressing feelings for the parent.
- B. Routines have been established, and the child feels safe.
- C. The child has given up fighting and accepts the separation.
- D. Behavior has improved because the child feels better physically.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'The child has given up fighting and accepts the separation.' This response indicates that the child is emotionally withdrawing due to the separation from the parent during hospitalization. Choice A is incorrect because the child's behavior does not necessarily suggest repressed feelings for the parent. Choice B is incorrect as feeling safe due to established routines does not fully explain the child's behavior. Choice D is incorrect because while feeling better physically may contribute to improved behavior, it does not address the emotional aspect of the child's reaction to the parent.
The nurse volunteering at a homeless shelter to assist families with children identifies homelessness as a risk preventing families from achieving positive outcomes in life. What family theory encompasses this approach to assessing family dynamics?
- A. Duvall's developmental theory
- B. Friedman's structural functional theory
- C. Von Bertalanffy's general system theory applied to families
- D. Resiliency model of family stress, adjustment, and adaptation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The Resiliency model of family stress, adjustment, and adaptation is the appropriate theory in this scenario. This model focuses on identifying risks and protective factors that help families achieve positive outcomes despite challenges. Duvall's developmental theory primarily focuses on family life cycle stages, Friedman's structural functional theory emphasizes the interdependence of family members, and Von Bertalanffy's general system theory applied to families looks at the family as a dynamic system. These theories do not specifically address the concept of resilience and adaptation in the face of stressors like homelessness.
The parents of a 2-year-old child tell the nurse that they are having difficulty disciplining their child. What is the nurse's most appropriate response?
- A. "This is a difficult age that your child is going through right now."
- B. "Tell me more about your difficulty. I'm not sure what you mean by this."
- C. "It's important to be consistent with toddlers when they need disciplining."
- D. "I can understand what you mean. That's why this age is called the terrible twos."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The most appropriate response for the nurse is to emphasize the importance of consistency in discipline when dealing with toddlers. Toddlers are at an age where they are learning boundaries and acceptable behaviors. By being consistent, parents can help their child understand what is expected of them and establish a sense of structure and routine. Choices A, B, and D do not provide constructive advice or guidance on how to address the issue of disciplining a 2-year-old. Choice A merely acknowledges the age without providing guidance, choice B seeks more information without offering support, and choice D labels the age without offering practical advice on discipline.