ATI Pharmacology 2016 Practice Exam A

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A healthcare professional is educating clients in an outpatient facility about the use of Insulin to treat type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. For which of the following types of insulin should the professional inform the clients to expect a peak effect 1 to 5 hr after administration?

  • A. Insulin glargine
  • B. NPH insulin
  • C. Regular insulin
  • D. Insulin lispro
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Regular insulin, also known as short-acting insulin, typically exhibits a peak effect around 1 to 5 hours following administration. This rapid onset and peak effect make it suitable for managing postprandial glucose levels. In contrast, Insulin glargine is a long-acting insulin with no pronounced peak effect, NPH insulin has an intermediate duration of action, and Insulin lispro is a rapid-acting insulin that peaks within 30 minutes to 2.5 hours after administration.

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A nurse on a medical-surgical unit administers a hypnotic medication to an older adult client at 2100. The next morning, the client is drowsy and wants to sleep instead of eating breakfast. Which of the following factors should the nurse identify as a possible reason for the client's drowsiness?

  • A. Reduced cardiac function
  • B. First-pass effect
  • C. Reduced hepatic function
  • D. Increased gastric motility
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In older adults, reduced hepatic function can lead to prolonged effects of medications metabolized by the liver. This situation can result in increased drug levels in the body, causing drowsiness and other side effects. Adjusting the dosage of the hypnotic medication may be necessary to prevent such adverse effects in older adult clients.

While caring for a client receiving Heparin therapy, which of the following laboratory tests should the nurse monitor to evaluate the effectiveness of the therapy?

  • A. PT
  • B. INR
  • C. aPTT
  • D. Platelet count
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The nurse should monitor the aPTT (activated partial thromboplastin time) when caring for a client receiving Heparin therapy. The aPTT reflects the intrinsic pathway of the clotting cascade and is used to monitor the effectiveness of heparin, which primarily affects this pathway by potentiating antithrombin III. Monitoring the aPTT helps ensure that the client's blood is within the therapeutic range to prevent thrombus formation.

When assessing a client taking Lithium Carbonate for Bipolar disorder, which finding should the nurse recognize as a possible indication of toxicity to this medication?

  • A. Severe hypertension
  • B. Coarse tremors
  • C. Constipation
  • D. Muscle spasm
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Coarse tremors are a common sign of Lithium toxicity. Monitoring for tremors is crucial as they can indicate a potentially serious complication that requires immediate intervention. While other options such as severe hypertension, constipation, and muscle spasm may be symptoms of various conditions, they are not typically associated with Lithium toxicity.

A client with Atrial Fibrillation is prescribed Dabigatran to prevent Thrombosis. Which medication is prescribed concurrently to treat an adverse effect of Dabigatran?

  • A. Vitamin K1
  • B. Protamine
  • C. Omeprazole
  • D. Probenecid
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Omeprazole or another proton pump inhibitor is commonly prescribed for clients taking dabigatran who experience abdominal pain and other gastrointestinal adverse effects associated with dabigatran use. Proton pump inhibitors help alleviate these symptoms by reducing gastric acid secretion, which can contribute to gastrointestinal discomfort.

A client is starting therapy with topotecan. Which of the following findings should the nurse instruct the client to report?

  • A. Hair loss
  • B. Fatigue
  • C. Sore throat
  • D. Red urine
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

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