ATI Pharmacology 2016 Practice Exam A

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A healthcare professional is educating clients in an outpatient facility about the use of Insulin to treat type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. For which of the following types of insulin should the professional inform the clients to expect a peak effect 1 to 5 hr after administration?

  • A. Insulin glargine
  • B. NPH insulin
  • C. Regular insulin
  • D. Insulin lispro
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Regular insulin typically exhibits a peak effect approximately 1 to 5 hours after administration. It is important for clients to be aware of this timing to ensure optimal management of their blood glucose levels. Insulin glargine, NPH insulin, and Insulin lispro have different onset and peak times compared to Regular insulin, making them less likely to match the desired peak effect within the specified time frame.

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A client has a new prescription for Nitroglycerin sublingual tablets. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the discharge teaching?

  • A. Take one tablet every 15 minutes until pain is relieved.
  • B. Take one tablet every 5 minutes, up to three doses.
  • C. Take one tablet at bedtime.
  • D. Take one tablet on an empty stomach.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Nitroglycerin should be taken at the onset of chest pain, with one tablet taken every 5 minutes for up to three doses. This protocol helps to relieve angina symptoms effectively. If chest pain persists after taking three doses, emergency medical services should be contacted promptly for further evaluation and management.

A client is receiving spironolactone. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?

  • A. Serum Sodium 144 mEq/L
  • B. Urine output 120 mL in 4 hr
  • C. Serum Potassium 5.2 mEq/L
  • D. Blood Pressure 140/90 mm Hg
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A serum potassium level of 5.2 mEq/L indicates hyperkalemia. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that can lead to potassium retention. The nurse should notify the provider and withhold the medication to prevent further elevation of potassium levels, which can result in serious cardiac complications.

A client with Angina Pectoris asks the nurse about the next step if they take one tablet, wait 5 minutes, but still have Anginal pain. Which response should the nurse provide?

  • A. Take two more sublingual tablets at the same time.
  • B. Call emergency services.
  • C. Take a sustained-release nitroglycerin capsule.
  • D. Wait another 5 minutes then take a second sublingual tablet.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In case anginal pain persists after taking the first tablet and waiting 5 minutes, the priority step is to call emergency services (911) and then take a second sublingual tablet. Persistent pain could indicate a myocardial infarction, and immediate medical attention is crucial. If the pain continues even after the second tablet, the client can take a third tablet after an additional 5-minute wait.

A client with breast cancer is receiving cyclophosphamide. Which of the following findings should the nurse monitor?

  • A. Hypertension
  • B. Hyperglycemia
  • C. Ototoxicity
  • D. Hemorrhagic cystitis
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

A client with cancer is prescribed methotrexate. Which supplement should the healthcare provider recommend to reduce the risk of methotrexate toxicity?

  • A. Folic acid
  • B. Magnesium
  • C. Vitamin D
  • D. Iron
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

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