LPN Fundamentals Practice Questions

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A healthcare professional is preparing to administer a cleansing enema to a client. Which of the following actions should the healthcare professional plan to take?

  • A. Insert the rectal tube 15.2 cm (6 inches) into the client's rectum
  • B. Wear clean gloves before inserting the tubing
  • C. Position the client on their left side
  • D. Hold the solution bag 91 cm (36 inches) above the client's rectum
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Positioning the client on their left side is crucial when administering an enema as it helps facilitate the flow of the solution into the sigmoid and descending colon. This position allows gravity to assist in the process. Placing the client on the left side is a standard practice to promote optimal outcomes during the procedure. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Choice A provides a specific measurement for the insertion depth of the rectal tube, which is not typically necessary to include in the plan of action. Choice B is essential but not specific to enema administration. Choice D mentions holding the solution bag without specifying the correct height, which should typically be around 18-24 inches above the rectum for a cleansing enema.

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Examples of patients suffering from impaired awareness include all of the following except:

  • A. A semiconscious or over fatigued patient
  • B. A disoriented or confused patient
  • C. A patient who cannot care for himself at home
  • D. A patient demonstrating symptoms of drugs or alcohol withdrawal
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Inability to self-care at home doesn't inherently impair awareness.

Which is the most basic need according to Maslow's hierarchy of human needs?

  • A. Physical and psychological
  • B. Love and belonging
  • C. Physiological needs
  • D. The need for self-actualization
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Maslow's hierarchy ranks physiological needs air, water, food, shelter as the most basic, foundational level for survival. Without these, higher needs cannot be pursued; for instance, a patient struggling to breathe (physiological) won't prioritize self-esteem. Physical and psychological isn't a Maslow category; it blends levels imprecisely. Love and belonging (e.g., relationships) is third-tier, reliant on physiological and safety needs being met first. Self-actualization, the top tier, involves personal fulfillment, achievable only after all lower needs are satisfied. In nursing, prioritizing physiological needs like oxygen for a hypoxic patient ensures life-sustaining care precedes emotional or growth-oriented interventions. Maslow's model underscores this hierarchy's logic: physiological stability is the bedrock, making it the most basic need driving human behavior and nursing priorities.

During an admission interview, a nurse is assessing a client's personal identity. Which of the following questions should the nurse ask?

  • A. What is your marital status?
  • B. How would you describe yourself?
  • C. Are you employed?
  • D. Do you have any children?
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When assessing personal identity, it is important to ask questions that prompt clients to describe themselves. Question B, 'How would you describe yourself?' is the most appropriate as it allows the client to share their own perceptions and characteristics, aiding in understanding their personal identity. Choices A, C, and D are more focused on specific personal details such as marital status, employment status, and parental status, which do not directly contribute to understanding personal identity.

Common clinical feature of renal carcinoma is:

  • A. Dysuria
  • B. Pain less haematuria
  • C. Urgency
  • D. Erythema
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Renal carcinoma (e.g., renal cell carcinoma) often presents insidiously. Dysuria (choice A) suggests infection, not cancer. Painless hematuria (choice B) is classic, as tumors bleed into urine without early pain, often the first sign. Urgency (choice C) relates to bladder issues, not renal tumors. Erythema (choice D) is skin redness, unrelated. B is correct, reflecting renal carcinoma's hallmark. Nurses educate on reporting hematuria, monitor for flank pain or mass (later signs), and support diagnostic imaging, aiding early detection.

A client has a new prescription for a low-fat diet. Which of the following foods should be recommended?

  • A. Bacon
  • B. Whole milk
  • C. Chicken breast
  • D. Cheese
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When following a low-fat diet, it is essential to choose foods that are low in fat. Chicken breast is a lean protein source that is low in fat, making it a suitable option for a low-fat diet. Bacon, whole milk, and cheese are higher in fat content and should be avoided or limited in a low-fat diet. Bacon is high in saturated fat, whole milk contains significant amounts of fat, including saturated fat, and cheese is also high in fat. Therefore, these options are not ideal for a low-fat diet.