Nokea
A healthcare professional is preparing to administer an IV antibiotic to a client who has a systemic infection. Which of the following actions should the professional take first?
- A. Administer an antihistamine prior to the antibiotic.
- B. Monitor the client's urine output.
- C. Check the client's allergy history.
- D. Assess the client's vital signs.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The first action the healthcare professional should take is to check the client's allergy history before administering the antibiotic to prevent a potential allergic reaction. It is crucial to identify any known allergies to antibiotics to ensure the client's safety and well-being. Administering an antihistamine prior to the antibiotic (Choice A) is not recommended unless an allergic reaction occurs. Monitoring the client's urine output (Choice B) and assessing the client's vital signs (Choice D) are important but not the first step in this situation. Checking the client's allergy history takes precedence to prevent adverse reactions.
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Pregnancy advise is given in what Part of the MIMS:
- A. Preg. Cat.
- B. pre and post prandial advice ;
- C. drug category;
- D. abbreviations
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pregnancy advice is typically provided under the "Preg. Cat." section in the MIMS (Monthly Index of Medical Specialities) guide or database. This section specifically categorizes medications based on their safety profiles during pregnancy, providing healthcare professionals with essential information to make informed decisions regarding drug use in pregnant patients. It includes details on pregnancy categories that classify drugs according to their potential risks during pregnancy, guiding healthcare providers on the appropriateness of prescribing certain medications to pregnant individuals. Therefore, for pregnancy-related advice in the context of medication safety, referring to the "Preg. Cat." section in the MIMS is the most relevant source of information.
The adolescent is supposed to go to the school nurse at 12:00 to receive his medication for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). He often does not go for the medication. What best describes the nurse's understanding of this situation?
- A. The adolescent is embarrassed in front of his peers
- B. The adolescent does not understand the need for the medication
- C. The adolescent forgets that he is supposed to take the medication
- D. The adolescent has made a conscious decision not to take the medication
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Adolescents prioritize peer image-skipping ADHD meds (e.g., Ritalin) at school likely stems from embarrassment, a developmental trait. Lack of understanding or forgetting is possible but less likely with routine. Conscious refusal needs evidence (e.g., verbal rejection). Embarrassment fits social sensitivity, guiding intervention.
A patient is receiving an IV infusion of heparin and was started on warfarin therapy the night
- A. Which statement is most correct?
- B. The patient is receiving a double dose of anticoagulants.
- C. The heparin therapy was ineffective, so the warfarin was starte
- D. The heparin provides anticoagulation until therapeutic levels of warfarin are reache
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct statement is that the heparin provides anticoagulation until therapeutic levels of warfarin are reached. Heparin has an immediate onset of action and is used initially to rapidly provide anticoagulation. Warfarin, on the other hand, has a delayed onset of action and requires several days to reach therapeutic levels in the bloodstream. Therefore, heparin is often overlapped with warfarin until the latter reaches its full anticoagulant effect. This overlapping strategy helps prevent a gap in anticoagulation and reduces the risk of blood clots. So, the statement that the heparin provides anticoagulation until therapeutic levels of warfarin are reached is the most correct in this case.
A client has a new prescription for Metronidazole. Which of the following instructions should be included?
- A. Avoid drinking alcohol while taking this medication.
- B. Take the medication on an empty stomach.
- C. Increase your intake of green, leafy vegetables.
- D. Discontinue the medication if you experience a metallic taste.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct instruction for a client prescribed Metronidazole is to avoid drinking alcohol while taking this medication. Metronidazole can cause a disulfiram-like reaction when combined with alcohol, resulting in severe nausea, vomiting, and other adverse effects. Therefore, it is crucial for clients to refrain from consuming alcohol during treatment to prevent these potential complications. Choice B is incorrect because Metronidazole can be taken with or without food. Choice C is irrelevant as there is no specific requirement to increase green, leafy vegetable intake with Metronidazole. Choice D is incorrect as a metallic taste is a known side effect of Metronidazole but does not necessarily indicate the need to discontinue the medication.
Which medication is used as a bronchodilator?
- A. Warfarin
- B. Lovastatin
- C. Albuterol
- D. Valproate
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Albuterol is the correct answer. It is a medication commonly used as a bronchodilator to treat conditions such as asthma. Albuterol works by relaxing the muscles in the airways, allowing better airflow and making breathing easier for individuals with respiratory conditions. Warfarin (Choice A) is an anticoagulant used to prevent blood clots, Lovastatin (Choice B) is a medication used to lower cholesterol levels, and Valproate (Choice D) is used to treat seizures and bipolar disorder. These medications are not bronchodilators and are used for different medical conditions.