Nokea
A healthcare professional is preparing to administer an oral medication to a 4-year-old child. What is the best approach to gain the child's cooperation?
- A. Explain the importance of the medication to the child
- B. Allow the child to play with a favorite toy while taking the medication
- C. Offer a reward after the medication is taken
- D. Give the medication mixed with a small amount of the child's favorite food
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Allowing the child to play with a favorite toy while taking the medication is the best approach to gain cooperation. This strategy can help distract and calm the child during the medication administration process. Choice A may not be as effective with a young child who may not fully understand the explanation. Offering a reward (choice C) may reinforce negative behavior and create a dependency on rewards for cooperation. Giving the medication with food (choice D) may not always be appropriate and may not address the cooperation aspect.
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On the third day of hospitalization, the nurse observes that a 2-year-old toddler who had been screaming and crying inconsolably begins to regress and is now lying quietly in the crib with a blanket. What stage of separation anxiety has developed?
- A. Denial
- B. Despair
- C. Mistrust
- D. Rejection
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Despair. In separation anxiety, the stage of despair is characterized by regression and withdrawal after an initial period of protest. The child may become quiet and appear to accept the separation, but this is actually a sign of deeper distress. Choice A, Denial, is incorrect as it refers to refusing to believe or accept the reality of the separation. Choice C, Mistrust, is incorrect as it pertains to a lack of trust in others, not a stage of separation anxiety. Choice D, Rejection, is incorrect as it involves pushing others away and not related to the described behavior of the toddler in the scenario.
A child with a diagnosis of leukemia is admitted to the hospital with a fever. What is the priority nursing intervention?
- A. Administering antibiotics
- B. Administering antipyretics
- C. Providing nutritional support
- D. Monitoring for signs of infection
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The priority nursing intervention for a child with leukemia admitted to the hospital with a fever is to monitor for signs of infection. Children with leukemia are immunocompromised, making them more susceptible to infections. Monitoring for signs of infection helps in early detection and timely intervention, which is crucial in preventing complications. Administering antibiotics (choice A) may be necessary if an infection is suspected or confirmed, but the priority is to assess for signs of infection first. Administering antipyretics (choice B) may help reduce fever, but it does not address the underlying cause, which could be an infection. Providing nutritional support (choice C) is important for overall health but is not the priority when a child with leukemia presents with a fever, as infection needs to be ruled out or managed first.
When teaching an adolescent with type 1 diabetes about dietary management, what should the nurse include?
- A. Meals should be eaten at home.
- B. Foods should be weighed using a gram scale.
- C. A ready source of glucose should be available.
- D. Specific foods should be cooked for the adolescent.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: A ready source of glucose should be available. When managing type 1 diabetes, it is crucial to have a quick source of glucose readily available in case of hypoglycemia. This ensures that the adolescent can quickly raise their blood sugar levels to prevent complications. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not address the immediate need for glucose in managing hypoglycemia. While it is important for meals to be consumed regularly and in a controlled manner, specifying that they should be eaten at home or foods weighed using a gram scale is not as critical as ensuring a quick source of glucose in emergency situations.
What are general guidelines when assessing a 2-year-old child with abdominal pain and adequate perfusion?
- A. Examining the child in the parent's arms
- B. Palpating the painful area of the abdomen first
- C. Placing the child supine and palpating the abdomen
- D. Separating the child from the parent to ensure a reliable examination
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When assessing a 2-year-old child with abdominal pain and adequate perfusion, it is important to examine the child in the parent's arms. This approach helps reduce the child's anxiety, provides comfort, and can facilitate a more accurate assessment. Palpating the painful area of the abdomen first (choice B) may cause discomfort and increase anxiety in the child. Placing the child supine and palpating the abdomen (choice C) without considering the child's comfort and security may lead to resistance and inaccurate assessment. Separating the child from the parent to ensure a reliable examination (choice D) can further increase anxiety and hinder the assessment process. Therefore, examining the child in the parent's arms (choice A) is the most appropriate and effective approach in this scenario.
The mother of a 5-year-old boy with a myelomeningocele, who has developed a sensitivity to latex, is being taught by the nurse. Which response from his mother indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. He needs to wear a medical alert identification.
- B. I will need to inform his caregivers about his latex sensitivity.
- C. A product's label always indicates whether it is latex-free.
- D. He must avoid any contact with latex.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Choice C, 'A product's label always indicates whether it is latex-free,' indicates a need for further teaching. Not all products are clearly labeled as latex-free; therefore, it is essential to verify with manufacturers and healthcare providers. Choices A, B, and D demonstrate appropriate understanding of managing latex sensitivity in the child. Wearing a medical alert identification (Choice A), informing caregivers (Choice B), and avoiding all contact with latex (Choice D) are all important aspects of managing a child's latex sensitivity.