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A healthcare professional is preparing to administer gentamicin 2 mg/kg via IV bolus to a client who weighs 220 lb. How many mg should the healthcare professional administer?
- A. 200 mg
- B. 100 mg
- C. 160 mg
- D. 180 mg
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: To calculate the dosage correctly, the weight in pounds must first be converted to kilograms. 220 lb / 2.2 = 100 kg. Then, multiply the weight in kg by the dosage of 2 mg/kg: 2 mg/kg 100 kg = 200 mg. Therefore, the correct dosage to administer is 200 mg, which is closest to option A. Option C (160 mg) is incorrect because it does not match the calculated dosage. Options B (100 mg) and D (180 mg) are also incorrect as they do not align with the correct calculation.
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When performing cardiac chest compressions, what is a critical concept that the nurse must understand?
- A. Push hard and deep on the chest
- B. Compress the chest at a rapid rate
- C. Perform compressions with minimal interruptions
- D. Use a two-handed technique for compressions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to 'Push hard and deep on the chest.' Effective chest compressions during CPR should be forceful and deep enough to adequately circulate blood to vital organs. This helps maintain perfusion and increases the likelihood of a successful outcome. Compressing the chest at a rapid rate (choice B) is important but not as critical as ensuring the compressions are hard and deep. Performing compressions with minimal interruptions (choice C) is also crucial to maintain blood flow. Using a two-handed technique for compressions (choice D) may be helpful but is not as critical as the depth and force of the compressions.
A client with cardiovascular disease is being taught by a nurse how to reduce sodium and cholesterol intake. The nurse understands that the most significant factor in planning dietary changes for this client is:
- A. Client's financial resources
- B. Involvement of the client in planning the change
- C. Availability of low-sodium foods
- D. Frequency of dietary counseling sessions
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most significant factor in planning dietary changes for a client with cardiovascular disease is the involvement of the client in planning the change. By involving the client in the planning process, the nurse ensures that the client takes ownership of their health and is more likely to adhere to and succeed in modifying dietary habits. This empowerment and engagement enhance the client's motivation and commitment to making sustainable changes. Financial resources, availability of low-sodium foods, and frequency of dietary counseling sessions are important considerations but are not as crucial as the client's active involvement in the planning process.
The nurse is preparing to assist a newly admitted client with personal hygiene measures. The nurse wants to assess the client's gag reflex. Which action should the nurse include?
- A. Offer small sips of water through a straw
- B. Place tongue blade on back half of tongue
- C. Use a penlight to observe back of the oral cavity
- D. Auscultate breath sounds after the client swallows
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to include when assessing the client's gag reflex is to place a tongue blade on the back half of the tongue. This method effectively tests the gag reflex without causing discomfort. Choice A is incorrect because offering small sips of water through a straw does not assess the gag reflex. Choice C is incorrect as using a penlight to observe the back of the oral cavity does not directly assess the gag reflex. Choice D is incorrect since auscultating breath sounds after the client swallows does not evaluate the gag reflex.
The nurse is preparing to administer insulin to a client with type 1 diabetes. Which assessment finding would require the nurse to hold the insulin and contact the healthcare provider?
- A. Blood glucose of 100 mg/dL
- B. Client reports feeling shaky
- C. Client ate only half of breakfast
- D. Client is sweating
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A blood glucose of 100 mg/dL is relatively low for administering insulin, especially if the client has not eaten adequately; further assessment and contacting the provider are necessary. Hypoglycemia can be a serious concern when administering insulin, and a blood glucose level of 100 mg/dL indicates a risk of hypoglycemia. Holding the insulin and contacting the healthcare provider is crucial to prevent hypoglycemia-related complications. Choices B, C, and D are not immediate concerns for holding insulin as they do not directly indicate a risk of hypoglycemic events.
A healthcare professional in a provider's office is reviewing the laboratory findings of a client who reports chills and aching joints. Which of the following findings should the healthcare professional identify as an indication that the client has an infection?
- A. WBC 15,000/mm³
- B. Hemoglobin 12 g/dL
- C. Platelet count 300,000/mm³
- D. Sodium 140 mEq/L
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An elevated white blood cell count (WBC 15,000/mm³) is a common indicator of infection as the body increases WBC production to fight off pathogens. In conditions like infections, inflammation, or stress, the WBC count can rise. The other options, hemoglobin, platelet count, and sodium levels, are not typically specific indicators of infection. Hemoglobin measures the oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells, platelet count assesses clotting ability, and sodium levels indicate electrolyte balance.