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A healthcare professional is reviewing a client's medical history and identifies an increased risk for infections. What risk factor should the healthcare professional include?
- A. Frequent handwashing
- B. Increased mobility
- C. High blood pressure
- D. Chronic conditions
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Chronic conditions. Chronic conditions, such as diabetes or immune suppression, can compromise the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections. Frequent handwashing (Choice A) is actually a protective measure against infections. Increased mobility (Choice B) and high blood pressure (Choice C) are not directly associated with an increased risk for infections.
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A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative following abdominal surgery. What behavior should the nurse identify as increasing the client's risk for constipation?
- A. Increased physical activity
- B. Frequent urge suppression
- C. Adequate sleep
- D. Increased fluid intake
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Frequent urge suppression can lead to constipation, especially postoperatively. Suppressing the urge to defecate can disrupt the normal bowel movement pattern and lead to constipation. Choices A, C, and D are behaviors that generally help prevent constipation rather than increase the risk. Increased physical activity, adequate sleep, and increased fluid intake promote bowel regularity and reduce the risk of constipation.
A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing fluid volume deficit (FVD). What clinical finding should the nurse expect?
- A. Decreased hematocrit
- B. Increased heart rate
- C. Increased blood pressure
- D. Decreased respiratory rate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Increased heart rate is a common sign of fluid volume deficit (FVD) as the body compensates for decreased fluid levels. When a client is experiencing FVD, the body tries to maintain perfusion to vital organs by increasing the heart rate. This compensatory mechanism helps to improve cardiac output and maintain blood pressure. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because in FVD, hematocrit may be increased due to hemoconcentration, blood pressure tends to decrease as a compensatory response to FVD, and respiratory rate is usually unaffected or may increase due to attempts to maintain oxygenation.
A nurse in an acute care facility is caring for a client who is postop following abdominal surgery. Which behavior should the nurse identify as increasing the client's risk for constipation?
- A. Increased physical activity
- B. Frequent urge suppression
- C. Increased fiber intake
- D. Decreased fluid intake
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Frequent urge suppression can lead to constipation, especially postoperatively. Suppressing the urge to defecate can disrupt normal bowel movements and result in constipation. Increased physical activity, increased fiber intake, and adequate fluid intake are measures that typically help prevent constipation by promoting bowel regularity and preventing stool hardening. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are not behaviors that increase the client's risk for constipation.
A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client with a prescription for home oxygen therapy. Which instruction should the nurse include?
- A. Increase the oxygen flow rate when shortness of breath occurs
- B. Keep oxygen tubing away from heat sources
- C. Wear synthetic fabrics to prevent static
- D. Turn off the oxygen when not in use
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct instruction for a client with home oxygen therapy is to keep oxygen tubing away from heat sources to prevent fires and other hazards. Option A is incorrect because adjusting the oxygen flow rate without healthcare provider guidance can be dangerous. Option C is incorrect as synthetic fabrics can generate static electricity, which is a fire hazard. Option D is incorrect as oxygen should be left on as prescribed unless advised otherwise.
A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). What instruction should the nurse include to help improve oxygenation?
- A. Avoid physical activity
- B. Use pursed-lip breathing during activities
- C. Limit sun exposure
- D. Perform weight-bearing exercises
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Use pursed-lip breathing during activities.' Pursed-lip breathing improves oxygenation by keeping airways open longer, facilitating better exhalation of carbon dioxide. Choice A is incorrect because avoiding physical activity can lead to deconditioning and worsen oxygenation. Choice C is irrelevant to improving oxygenation in COPD. Choice D is not directly related to improving oxygenation in COPD; weight-bearing exercises are important for bone health but not for oxygenation.