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A healthcare provider is developing a care plan for a patient with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Which intervention should be included to help the patient manage flashbacks?
- A. Encouraging the patient to confront the trauma directly.
- B. Teaching the patient grounding techniques.
- C. Encouraging the patient to use relaxation techniques.
- D. Helping the patient develop a safety plan.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Teaching the patient grounding techniques. Grounding techniques help individuals with PTSD manage flashbacks by bringing their focus back to the present moment and reality. This can include techniques like deep breathing, mindfulness, and using the five senses to connect with the environment. Encouraging the patient to confront the trauma directly (A) can be overwhelming and retraumatizing. Relaxation techniques (C) may not be effective during a flashback when the individual is in a hyperaroused state. Developing a safety plan (D) is important but is more focused on preventing future crises rather than managing flashbacks in the moment.
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Which intervention is most appropriate for a patient experiencing a severe manic episode?
- A. Providing a structured and low-stimulation environment
- B. Encouraging the patient to engage in group activities
- C. Providing detailed information about the patient's condition
- D. Allowing the patient to have unsupervised time
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because a structured and low-stimulation environment can help reduce the intensity of the manic episode by providing predictability and minimizing triggers. This intervention promotes safety and stability for the patient. Option B may exacerbate the symptoms by overstimulating the patient. Option C may overwhelm the patient with information during a manic episode. Option D is risky as unsupervised time can lead to impulsive behaviors and potential harm.
Which medication is commonly used to treat both major depressive disorder and neuropathic pain?
- A. Gabapentin
- B. Duloxetine
- C. Amitriptyline
- D. Tramadol
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Duloxetine. Duloxetine is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor used to treat both major depressive disorder and neuropathic pain by increasing the levels of these neurotransmitters in the brain. Gabapentin (A) is primarily used for neuropathic pain, Amitriptyline (C) is a tricyclic antidepressant used for depression and neuropathic pain, and Tramadol (D) is an opioid analgesic used for pain management but not typically for major depressive disorder.
A patient with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is experiencing nightmares. Which intervention should the nurse include in the care plan?
- A. Encouraging the patient to journal before bedtime
- B. Teaching relaxation techniques
- C. Avoiding discussing the nightmares directly
- D. Developing a safety plan
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Teaching relaxation techniques. This intervention is effective in managing PTSD-related nightmares by helping the patient reduce anxiety and promote better sleep. Relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing and progressive muscle relaxation, can calm the nervous system and improve sleep quality. Encouraging the patient to journal before bedtime (Choice A) may help with processing emotions but may not directly address the nightmares. Avoiding discussing the nightmares directly (Choice C) can lead to avoidance behaviors and hinder the therapeutic process. Developing a safety plan (Choice D) is important for overall safety but does not specifically target the nightmares.
A patient with schizophrenia is being educated about the significance of medication adherence. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding?
- A. I will take my medication only when I feel symptoms returning.
- B. I understand that taking my medication regularly is important to manage my symptoms.
- C. I can stop taking my medication once I feel better.
- D. I should take my medication on an as-needed basis.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because it demonstrates an understanding that medication adherence is vital for managing schizophrenia symptoms. Taking medication regularly helps maintain stability and prevent symptom recurrence. Choice A indicates inconsistent medication use, C suggests premature discontinuation, and D implies erratic dosing. Overall, choice B aligns with evidence-based treatment guidelines for schizophrenia.
A patient with bipolar disorder is prescribed lithium. What is a common side effect the nurse should monitor for?
- A. Increased energy
- B. Constipation
- C. Weight gain
- D. Dry mouth
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Weight gain. Lithium is known to cause weight gain as a common side effect in patients with bipolar disorder. This is due to its impact on the body's metabolism and hormonal balance. Monitoring for weight changes is crucial as it can affect the patient's overall health and well-being. Increased energy (A) is not a common side effect of lithium and can be a sign of hypomania or mania in bipolar disorder. Constipation (B) and dry mouth (D) are possible side effects of some medications, but they are not typically associated with lithium.