Nokea
A healthcare provider is educating a client with DM on recognizing symptoms of hypoglycemia. Which symptom should the healthcare provider mention?
- A. Increased thirst
- B. Frequent urination
- C. Sweating
- D. Weight loss
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct symptom to mention when educating a client with diabetes mellitus (DM) on hypoglycemia is sweating. Sweating is a common symptom of hypoglycemia as it occurs due to the activation of the sympathetic nervous system in response to low blood sugar levels. Increased thirst (Choice A) and frequent urination (Choice B) are more indicative of hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) rather than hypoglycemia. Weight loss (Choice D) is not a typical symptom associated with hypoglycemia.
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What health concerns should Nurse Oliver expect a client with hypothyroidism to report?
- A. Increased appetite and weight loss
- B. Puffiness of the face and hands
- C. Nervousness and tremors
- D. Thyroid gland swelling
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Puffiness of the face and hands is a classic symptom of hypothyroidism. This occurs due to fluid retention and is commonly observed in individuals with an underactive thyroid gland. Increased appetite and weight loss (Choice A) are more indicative of hyperthyroidism, where there is an overproduction of thyroid hormones leading to increased metabolism. Nervousness and tremors (Choice C) are associated with hyperthyroidism, not hypothyroidism. Thyroid gland swelling (Choice D) typically indicates goiter, which can be present in both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism but is not a specific symptom that clients with hypothyroidism commonly report.
A client with diabetes mellitus is being educated on the importance of foot care. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Soak your feet daily to maintain cleanliness.
- B. Wear tight-fitting shoes to protect your feet.
- C. Apply lotion between your toes to prevent dryness.
- D. Inspect your feet daily for any cuts or sores.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is to instruct the client to inspect their feet daily for any cuts or sores. This is crucial for individuals with diabetes as they are at a higher risk of developing foot problems. Soaking feet daily can lead to skin breakdown and infections, making choice A incorrect. Tight-fitting shoes can cause pressure points and increase the risk of foot injuries, so choice B is incorrect. Applying lotion between the toes can create a moist environment, increasing the risk of fungal infections, making choice C incorrect.
A client with Graves' disease is prescribed propranolol. The nurse understands that the purpose of this medication is to:
- A. Treat the underlying cause of the disease
- B. Reduce thyroid hormone production
- C. Alleviate symptoms such as tachycardia and tremors
- D. Increase energy levels
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Alleviate symptoms such as tachycardia and tremors. Propranolol is a beta-blocker that helps manage symptoms like tachycardia (fast heart rate) and tremors in patients with Graves' disease. Choice A is incorrect because propranolol does not address the underlying cause of Graves' disease, which is autoimmune in nature. Choice B is incorrect because propranolol does not directly reduce thyroid hormone production; it mainly targets the symptoms. Choice D is incorrect because while propranolol may help with symptoms like tachycardia, it is not intended to increase energy levels.
The nurse is providing dietary instructions to a client with DM. The nurse instructs the client to include which item in the diet?
- A. High-fat foods
- B. Low-carbohydrate foods
- C. High-protein foods
- D. High-fiber foods
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: High-fiber foods are beneficial for clients with diabetes because they help regulate blood glucose levels by slowing down the absorption of sugar. Additionally, high-fiber foods aid in maintaining satiety, supporting weight management, and preventing constipation. High-fat foods (choice A) are not recommended for clients with diabetes due to their potential negative impact on heart health and weight. While low-carbohydrate foods (choice B) can be part of a diabetes-friendly diet, high-fiber foods are more specifically beneficial for managing blood sugar levels. High-protein foods (choice C) can be included in moderation in a diabetic diet, but they are not the primary focus when it comes to improving glycemic control.
Which of the following is an example of nonmaleficence in nursing practice?
- A. Administering pain medication as prescribed to prevent patient discomfort.
- B. Ensuring that a patient does not receive a treatment that they have refused.
- C. Ensuring that a patient receives appropriate care without causing harm.
- D. Encouraging a patient to express their concerns and fears about a procedure.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nonmaleficence is the ethical principle of doing no harm. In nursing practice, ensuring that a patient does not receive a treatment they have refused is an example of nonmaleficence. Choice A focuses on beneficence by providing pain relief. Choice C is more aligned with beneficence as it emphasizes providing appropriate care without harm. Choice D pertains to patient communication but does not directly address the concept of nonmaleficence.