Nokea
A hepatitis B screen is performed on a postpartum client and the results indicate the presence of antigens in the maternal blood. Which intervention should the nurse anticipate to be prescribed for the neonate? Select all that apply.
- A. Obtaining serum liver enzymes
- B. Administering hepatitis vaccine
- C. Supporting breastfeeding every 5 hours
- D. Repeating hepatitis B screen in 1 week
- E. Administering hepatitis B immune globulin
- F. Administering antibiotics while hospitalized
Correct Answer: B,E
Rationale: A hepatitis B screen is performed to detect the presence of antigens in maternal blood. If antigens are present, the neonate should receive the hepatitis vaccine and hepatitis B immune globulin within 12 hours after birth. Obtaining serum liver enzymes, retesting the maternal blood in a week, breastfeeding every 5 hours, and administering antibiotics are inappropriate actions and would not decrease the chance of the neonate contracting the hepatitis B virus.
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Which interventions should the emergency department nurse prepare for in the care of a child with croup and epiglottitis? Select all that apply.
- A. Obtaining a chest x-ray
- B. Obtaining a throat culture
- C. Monitoring pulse oximetry
- D. Maintaining a patent airway
- E. Providing humidified oxygen
- F. Administering antipyretics and antibiotics
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E,F
Rationale: Epiglottitis is an acute inflammation and swelling of the epiglottis and surrounding tissue. It is a life-threatening, rapidly progressive condition that may cause complete airway obstruction within a few hours of onset. The most reliable diagnostic sign is an edematous, cherry-red epiglottis. Some interventions include obtaining a chest x-ray film, monitoring pulse oximetry, maintaining a patent airway, providing humidified oxygen, and administering antipyretics and antibiotics. The child may also require intubation and mechanical ventilation. The primary concern in a child with epiglottitis is the development of complete airway obstruction. Therefore, the child's throat is not examined or cultured because any stimulation with a tongue depressor or culture swab could trigger complete airway obstruction.
The nurse notes an isolated premature ventricular contraction (PVC) on the cardiac monitor of a client recovering from anesthesia. Which action should the nurse take?
- A. Prepare for defibrillation.
- B. Continue to monitor the rhythm.
- C. Prepare to administer lidocaine hydrochloride.
- D. Notify the primary health care provider immediately.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: As an isolated occurrence, the PVC is not life-threatening. In this situation, the nurse should continue to monitor the client. Frequent PVCs, however, may be precursors of more life-threatening rhythms, such as ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. If this occurs, the primary health care provider needs to be notified. Defibrillation is done to treat ventricular fibrillation. Lidocaine hydrochloride is not needed to treat isolated PVCs; it may be used to treat frequent PVCs in a client who is symptomatic and is experiencing decreased cardiac output.
A client has just been admitted to the emergency department with chest pain. Serum cardiac enzyme levels are drawn, and the results indicate an elevated serum creatine kinase (CK)-MB isoenzyme, troponin T, and troponin I. The nurse concludes that these results are compatible with what diagnosis?
- A. Stable angina
- B. Unstable angina
- C. Prinzmetal's angina
- D. New-onset myocardial infarction (MI)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Creatine kinase (CK)-MB isoenzyme is a sensitive indicator of myocardial damage. Levels begin to rise 3 to 6 hours after the onset of chest pain, peak at approximately 24 hours, and return to normal in about 3 days. Troponin is a regulatory protein found in striated muscle (skeletal and myocardial). Increased amounts of troponins are released into the bloodstream when an infarction causes damage to the myocardium. Troponin I is particularly sensitive to myocardial muscle injury; therefore, the client's results are compatible with new-onset MI. Options 1, 2, and 3 all refer to angina. These levels would not be elevated in angina.
The nurse has a prescription to administer amphotericin B intravenously to the client diagnosed with histoplasmosis. Which should the nurse specifically plan to implement during administration of the medication to minimize the client's risk for injury? Select all that apply.
- A. Monitor for hyperthermia.
- B. Monitor for an excessive urine output.
- C. Administer a concurrent fluid challenge.
- D. Assess the intravenous (IV) infusion site.
- E. Assess the chest and back for a red, itchy rash.
- F. Monitor the client's orientation to time, place, and person.
Correct Answer: A,D
Rationale: Amphotericin B is an antifungal medication and is a toxic medication, which can produce symptoms during administration such as chills, fever (hyperthermia), headache, vomiting, and impaired renal function (decreased urine output). The medication is also very irritating to the IV site, commonly causing thrombophlebitis. The nurse administering this medication monitors for these complications. Administering a concurrent fluid challenge is not necessary. A rash or disorientation is not specific to this medication.
The nurse is assessing a client who is being treated with a beta-adrenergic blocker. Which assessment findings would indicate that the client may be experiencing dose-related side effects of the medication? Select all that apply.
- A. Dizziness
- B. Bradycardia
- C. Chest pain
- D. Reflex tachycardia
- E. Sexual dysfunction
- F. Cardiac dysrhythmias
Correct Answer: A,B,E
Rationale: Beta-adrenergic blockers, commonly called beta blockers, are useful in treating cardiac dysrhythmias, mild hypertension, mild tachycardia, and angina pectoris. Side effects commonly associated with beta blockers are usually dose related and include dizziness (hypotensive effect), bradycardia, hypotension, and sexual dysfunction (impotence). Options 3, 4, and 6 are reasons for prescribing a beta blocker; however, these are general side effects of alpha-adrenergic blockers.