CAT Exam Practice Test

CAT Exam Practice Test Related

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A high school football player comes to the clinic complaining of severe acne. The mother reports recent behavior changes, including irritability and suspiciousness of friends. The nurse's assessment reveals an elevated blood pressure. Which intervention should the nurse implement first?

  • A. Encourage the client to see a dermatologist
  • B. Refer the adolescent to a substance abuse program
  • C. Suggest a low-salt, low-fat, and caffeine-free diet
  • D. Inquire about a possible use of anabolic steroids
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the high school football player presenting with severe acne, behavior changes, elevated blood pressure, and suspicion of friends suggests the possible use of anabolic steroids. Anabolic steroid use can lead to such symptoms. Therefore, the nurse should first inquire about the possible use of anabolic steroids to address the root cause of the presenting issues. Encouraging the client to see a dermatologist (Choice A) may be necessary but addressing the underlying cause is crucial first. Referring the adolescent to a substance abuse program (Choice B) is premature without confirming steroid use. Suggesting a low-salt, low-fat, and caffeine-free diet (Choice C) is not the priority in this situation where a serious issue like anabolic steroid use needs immediate attention.

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When caring for a laboring client whose contractions are occurring every 2 to 3 minutes, the nurse should document that the pump is infusing how many ml/hour? (Enter numeric value only. If rounding is required, round to the nearest whole number. Click on each chart tab for additional information. Please be sure to scroll to the bottom right corner of each tab to view all information contained in the client's medical record.)

  • A. 42
  • B. 38
  • C. 48
  • D. 50
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: By calculating the infusion rate based on the given chart information, the correct value is 42 ml/hr. This rate ensures proper fluid administration to the laboring client. Choices B (38), C (48), and D (50) are incorrect as they do not align with the calculated infusion rate needed for the client's condition, as per the chart data provided.

The client who had a below-the-knee (BKA) amputation is being prepared for discharge to home. Which recommendation should the nurse provide this client?

  • A. Inspect skin for redness
  • B. Use a residual limb shrinker
  • C. Apply alcohol to the stump after bathing
  • D. Wash the stump with soap and water
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct recommendation for a client with a below-the-knee amputation preparing for discharge is to wash the stump with soap and water. This helps maintain cleanliness and prevent infection. Inspecting the skin for redness is important to monitor for signs of infection, but it is not a specific recommendation for a BKA amputation. Using a residual limb shrinker can aid in shaping and reducing swelling in the residual limb but is not usually done immediately after a BKA amputation. Applying alcohol to the stump after bathing is not recommended as it can lead to skin irritation and dryness.

The nurse receives change of shift report on a group of clients for the upcoming shift. A client with which condition requires the most immediate attention by the nurse?

  • A. Gunshot wound three hours ago with dark drainage of 2 cm on the dressing
  • B. Mastectomy 2 days ago with 50 ml bloody drainage in the Jackson-Pratt drain
  • C. Collapsed lung after a fall 8 hours ago with 100 ml blood in the chest tube collection container
  • D. Abdominal-perineal resection 2 days ago with no drainage on dressing and fever and chills
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A collapsed lung with significant blood accumulation requires immediate attention to prevent respiratory compromise. Option A may also require attention, but the immediate threat to airway and breathing in option C takes precedence over the others. Option B has expected drainage after a mastectomy, and option D's fever and chills, while concerning, do not pose an immediate life-threatening risk as in option C.

An adult client with severe depression was admitted to the psychiatric unit yesterday evening. Although the client used to run a year ago, his spouse states that the client no longer runs but sits and watches television most of the day. Which is most important for the nurse to include in this client's plan of care for today?

  • A. Assist the client in identifying goals for the day
  • B. Encourage the client to participate in a team sport for one hour
  • C. Schedule the client for a group session that focuses on self-esteem
  • D. Help the client develop a list of daily affirmations
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Assisting the client in identifying goals for the day is the most important aspect of the plan of care for a client with severe depression. Setting achievable daily goals helps engage the client in activities and promotes a sense of accomplishment, which can contribute to gradual improvement in their condition. Encouraging participation in team sports may be overwhelming for a client with severe depression as it requires a significant level of energy and motivation that the client may not possess at this time. Group sessions focusing on self-esteem and daily affirmations are beneficial interventions, but they may not have an immediate impact compared to setting achievable daily goals that can provide a sense of purpose and achievement for the client.

While changing a client's chest tube dressing, the nurse notes a crackling sensation when gentle pressure is applied to the skin at the insertion site. What is the best action for the nurse to take?

  • A. Apply a pressure dressing around the chest tube insertion site
  • B. Assess the client for allergies to topical cleaning agents
  • C. Measure the area of swelling and crackling
  • D. Administer an oral antihistamine per PRN protocol
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A crackling sensation indicates subcutaneous emphysema, caused by air trapped under the skin. Applying a pressure dressing around the chest tube insertion site can help manage the issue by preventing further air leakage into the tissues. Choice B is incorrect because the crackling sensation is not related to allergies. Choice C is incorrect as measuring the area does not address the underlying cause. Choice D is incorrect as administering an oral antihistamine is not indicated for subcutaneous emphysema.

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