Nokea
A hospitalized patient is experiencing a severe anaphylactic reaction to a dose of intravenous penicillin. Which drug will the nurse expect to use to treat this condition?
- A. Ephedra
- B. Epinephrine
- C. Phenylephrine
- D. Pseudoephedrine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Epinephrine is the drug of choice for the treatment of anaphylaxis. The other drugs listed are incorrect choices.
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The nurse is presenting information to a class of students about adrenergic drugs. Which are the effects of drugs that stimulate the sympathetic nervous system?
- A. Dilation of bronchioles
- B. Constriction of bronchioles
- C. Decreased heart rate
- D. Increased heart rate
- E. Dilated pupils
- F. Constricted pupils
- G. Glycogenolysis
Correct Answer: A,D,E,G
Rationale: Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system causes bronchodilation, increased heart rate, pupil dilation, and glycogenolysis as well as many other effects. The other responses are effects that occur as a result of the stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system.
The nurse is to administer epinephrine 0.5 mg subcutaneously. The ampule contains 1 mL of medication and is labeled 1 mg/mL. Identify how many milliliters of epinephrine the nurse will give.
Correct Answer: 0.5 mL
Rationale: 1 mg : 1 mL :: 0.5 mg : x mL; (1 * x) = (1 * 0.5); x = 0.5 mL.
The nurse recognizes that adrenergic drugs cause relaxation of the bronchi and bronchodilation by stimulating which type of receptors?
- A. Dopaminergic
- B. Beta1 adrenergic
- C. Beta2 adrenergic
- D. Alpha1 adrenergic
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Stimulation of beta2 adrenergic receptors results in bronchodilation. The other choices are incorrect.
The nurse is aware that adrenergic drugs produce effects similar to which of these nervous systems?
- A. Central nervous system
- B. Somatic nervous system
- C. Sympathetic nervous system
- D. Parasympathetic nervous system
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Adrenergic drugs mimic the effects of the sympathetic nervous system.
A 14-year-old patient has been treated for asthma for almost 4 months. Two weeks ago, she was given salmeterol as part of her medication regimen. However, her mother has called the clinic to report that it does not seem to work when her daughter is having an asthma attack. Which response by the nurse is appropriate?
- A. It takes time for a therapeutic response to develop.
- B. She is too young for this particular medication; it will be changed.
- C. She needs to take up to two puffs every 4 hours to ensure adequate blood levels.
- D. This medication is indicated for prevention of bronchospasms, not for relief of acute symptoms.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Salmeterol is indicated for the prevention of bronchospasms, not treatment of acute symptoms. The dosage is usually two puffs twice daily, 12 hours apart, for maintenance effects in patients older than 12 years of age. The other options are incorrect.