Nokea
A hospitalized patient who has received chemotherapy for leukemia develops neutropenia. Which observation by the nurse would indicate a need for further teaching?
- A. The patient ambulates several times a day in the room
- B. The patient's visitors bring in some fresh peaches from home
- C. The patient cleans with a warm washcloth after having a stool
- D. The patient uses soap and shampoo to shower every other day
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Neutropenia post-chemo low neutrophils craves germ-free zones; fresh peaches from home carry bacteria, a teaching gap as raw produce risks infection in this immune-wrecked state. Ambulation's safe, hygiene's spot-on washcloths and showers cut germs. Nurses reteach, banning unwashed fruit, a vital shield in leukemia's neutropenic peril, ensuring clients grasp this microbial minefield.
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A 58-year-old woman with chronic gout is visiting the dietitian and the correct dietary advice given is:
- A. To stop fried food and eat fish for better gout control
- B. To increase fructose drinks as it removes uric acid from urine
- C. Avoid soybeans and plant proteins
- D. Stop alcohol and reduce animal protein
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Gout diet cut booze, meat; fructose spikes uric, soy's fine, mushrooms hurt, cherries help. Nurses steer this chronic food fix.
A client is receiving treatment for the diagnosis of hemophilia A. Which of the following is the most appropriate to include in the assessment of this client?
- A. Cranial nerves
- B. Appetite
- C. Joint pain and bruising
- D. Urine output
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hemophilia A, a factor VIII deficiency, impairs clotting joint pain and bruising from hemarthrosis and bleeds are hallmark signs, demanding assessment to gauge bleeding severity and guide factor replacement. Cranial nerves check neurologic status, irrelevant unless bleeds hit the brain. Appetite or urine output offers general insight, not hemophilia-specific. Nurses zero in on joints and skin, tracking this genetic disorder's impact, critical for managing acute episodes and preventing long-term damage in this bleeding-prone client.
Which of the following is NOT involved with weight regulation?
- A. The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC)
- B. The lateral geniculate nucleus
- C. The lateral hypothalamic area
- D. The paraventricular nucleus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Weight's brain game ARC, lateral hypothalamus, paraventricular nucleus, and solitary tract tunes hunger, satiety, and energy via hormones and gut signals. The lateral geniculate nucleus, a vision hub, sits out, irrelevant to food's dance. Clinicians map this circuitry, targeting obesity's roots, a chronic fix sidestepping eyeballs.
The nurse assesses a patient who is receiving interleukin-2. Which finding should the nurse report immediately to the health care provider?
- A. Generalized muscle aches
- B. Crackles heard at the lung bases
- C. Complaints of nausea and anorexia
- D. Oral temperature of 100.6°F (38.1°C)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: IL-2 can spark capillary leak crackles at lung bases signal pulmonary edema, an emergency needing fast action over aches , nausea , or low fever , all common. Nurses in oncology flag this fluid in lungs kills quick, demanding stat calls.
A nurse is caring for a client who has recently diagnosed with left ventricular heart failure. What is an early sign the client is most likely to report?
- A. Dyspnea on exertion
- B. Abdominal distention
- C. Swollen legs
- D. Weight gain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Left ventricular failure backs blood into lungs dyspnea on exertion hits early as fluid seeps, taxing breathing during activity, a telltale sign before systemic effects. Abdominal distention or leg swelling marks right-sided or late failure. Weight gain tracks fluid, not initial. Nurses catch dyspnea, educating clients to report it, key to early management in this progressive pump failure.