Nokea
A long-term-care resident with venous stasis ulcers is treated with Unna's boot. Which of the nursing activities included in the resident's care is best for you to delegate to a nursing assistant?
- A. Monitor capillary perfusion once every 8 hours.
- B. Teach family members the signs of infection.
- C. Evaluate foot sensation and movement each shift.
- D. Assist patient with cleaning around Unna's boot.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cleaning around the boot is a simple task suitable for a nursing assistant.
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Which type of medication helps to lower cholesterol levels in the blood?
- A. Statins
- B. Beta-blockers
- C. ACE inhibitors
- D. Diuretics
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Statins are the correct answer as they specifically target and lower cholesterol levels in the blood by inhibiting the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, a key enzyme in the liver responsible for producing cholesterol. Statins are proven to reduce LDL ("bad") cholesterol levels and decrease the risk of cardiovascular events. Beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, and diuretics do not directly affect cholesterol levels; beta-blockers are used for managing blood pressure and heart rate, ACE inhibitors for blood pressure and heart function, and diuretics for reducing fluid buildup in the body. Therefore, statins are the most appropriate medication for lowering cholesterol levels.
Clients taking diuretics for chronic congestive heart failure need to be taught to report
- A. 1-lb weight gain in 2 days
- B. Seeing yellow hazes around bright lights
- C. Change in the heart rate
- D. Change in activity tolerance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Weight gain indicates fluid retention.
In Mrs. Jones' discharge teaching with a permanent pacemaker, which point should be covered?
- A. She should not get pregnant because her heart would not be able to tolerate the increased workload
- B. She should not exercise regularly
- C. She can return to the degree of sexual activity that is desired and tolerable for her
- D. It is not necessary to make a return visit to her physician
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sexual activity can generally continue with appropriate precautions.
What is a condition where the airways become inflamed and narrow, making breathing difficult?
- A. Asthma
- B. Bronchitis
- C. Pleurisy
- D. Tuberculosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Asthma is the correct answer because it is a condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to difficulty in breathing. This is due to various triggers causing the airways to become inflamed, swollen, and produce excess mucus, resulting in constriction and breathing difficulties. Bronchitis, Pleurisy, and Tuberculosis do not directly involve narrowing of the airways as their primary mechanism, making them incorrect choices. Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchial tubes, Pleurisy is inflammation of the lining around the lungs, and Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection primarily affecting the lungs.
What test uses sound waves to create images of the heart and assess its structure and function?
- A. Echocardiogram
- B. MRI
- C. CT scan
- D. X-ray
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Echocardiogram. An echocardiogram uses sound waves to create images of the heart, providing detailed information about its structure and function. It is a non-invasive and safe test commonly used to diagnose various heart conditions. MRI (B) uses magnetic fields and radio waves, CT scan (C) uses X-rays, and X-ray (D) uses electromagnetic radiation, but none of these tests specifically utilize sound waves for imaging the heart.