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A man is terminally ill with end-stage prostate cancer. Which is the best statement about this man’s wellness?
- A. Wellness can only be achieved with aggressive medical interventions.
- B. Wellness is not a real option for this client because he is terminally ill.
- C. Wellness is defined as the absence of disease.
- D. Nursing interventions can help empower a client to achieve a higher level of wellness.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because nursing interventions can focus on enhancing the client's quality of life, comfort, and emotional well-being even in the face of terminal illness. Nurses can provide support, educate the client and family, manage symptoms, and empower the client to find meaning and purpose in their life. This approach contributes to a higher level of wellness by addressing holistic needs beyond just medical interventions.
Incorrect choices:
A: Wellness can be achieved through various means, not just aggressive medical interventions.
B: Wellness is still achievable in terms of emotional, social, and spiritual well-being even with a terminal illness.
C: Wellness involves physical, emotional, social, and spiritual aspects beyond just the absence of disease.
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An older adult who is a traditional Chinese man has a blood pressure of 80/54 mm Hg and refuses to remain in the bed. Which intervention should the nurse use to promote and maintain his health?
- A. Have the health care provider speak to him.
- B. Use principles of the holistic health system.
- C. Ask about his perceptions and treatment ideas.
- D. Consult with a practitioner of Chinese medicine.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
C is correct as it involves understanding the patient's beliefs and preferences, crucial in culturally competent care. A would not address the patient's perspective directly. B is broad and lacks specificity. D assumes all traditional Chinese individuals seek Chinese medicine, which may not be the case.
Which of the following is a sign of frailty in older adults?
- A. Increased muscle mass
- B. Unexplained weight gain
- C. Difficulty walking and balance issues
- D. Improved cognitive function
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C - Difficulty walking and balance issues. Frailty in older adults is characterized by physical weakness, decreased muscle strength, and reduced functional capacity. Difficulty walking and balance issues are key indicators of frailty as they reflect a decline in physical capabilities. Increased muscle mass (A) is not a sign of frailty but rather a positive indicator of strength. Unexplained weight gain (B) may not necessarily be related to frailty. Improved cognitive function (D) is unrelated to physical frailty.
Which of the following can significantly improve the quality of life for older adults with chronic pain?
- A. Complete bed rest
- B. Unsupervised use of opioids
- C. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and physical therapy
- D. Isolation and minimal social interaction
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and physical therapy. CBT helps older adults manage pain through changing thought patterns and behaviors, improving coping skills. Physical therapy helps maintain mobility and reduce pain. Both approaches address the physical and psychological aspects of chronic pain, leading to better quality of life.
Complete bed rest (A) can worsen pain and lead to muscle weakness. Unsupervised use of opioids (B) can be dangerous, leading to addiction and other health issues. Isolation and minimal social interaction (D) can contribute to depression and exacerbate pain.
Providing information about diet & exercise for a healthy diabetic client is best described as which nursing activity?
- A. Promoting wellness
- B. Preventing illness
- C. Treating disease
- D. Restoring health
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Promoting wellness. Providing information about diet and exercise for a healthy diabetic client falls under promoting wellness because it focuses on proactive measures to maintain health and prevent complications. It aims to empower the client to make healthy lifestyle choices.
B: Preventing illness is not the best description as the client is already diabetic, so the focus is on managing the condition rather than solely preventing it.
C: Treating disease is not accurate because the client is already diabetic and the goal is not to treat the disease, but rather manage it effectively.
D: Restoring health is not applicable in this scenario as the client is not in a state of compromised health that needs to be restored.
All of the following except ___are risk factors for an elderly person developing pneumonia.
- A. Diarrhea
- B. Neurological disease
- C. Heart failure
- D. COPD
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Diarrhea. Diarrhea is not a risk factor for developing pneumonia in elderly individuals. The rationale for this is that pneumonia is primarily caused by respiratory infections, not gastrointestinal issues like diarrhea. Neurological disease, heart failure, and COPD are all risk factors for pneumonia because they can weaken the immune system or impair lung function, making individuals more susceptible to respiratory infections. These conditions can lead to aspiration, impaired cough reflex, or compromised lung function, increasing the likelihood of developing pneumonia.