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A man with hypospadias tells the nurse, 'Intercourse with my new bride is painful.' Which term applies to the patient's complaint?
- A. Dyspareunia
- B. Erectile dysfunction
- C. Premature ejaculation
- D. Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder. This term is applicable because it specifically refers to pain experienced during intercourse, which aligns with the patient's complaint. Hypospadias can lead to difficulties in penetration and subsequent pain during intercourse.
Choice A: Dyspareunia refers to persistent or recurrent pain during sexual intercourse, which is a broader term than what the patient is experiencing.
Choice B: Erectile dysfunction is the inability to achieve or maintain an erection, which is not directly related to the patient's complaint of pain during intercourse.
Choice C: Premature ejaculation is the early release of semen during sexual activity, which is unrelated to the pain experienced by the patient during intercourse.
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In some countries, it is normal to defecate or urinate in public. This makes it clear that judgments of the normality of behavior are
- A. culturally relative
- B. statistical
- C. a matter of subjective discomfort
- D. related to conformity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Normality varies by culture, as behaviors acceptable in one society may be abnormal in another.
What is the correct assessment for a patient with bulimia nervosa who frequently engages in purging behaviors?
- A. Observe for parotid gland enlargement and dehydration.
- B. Assess for fluid retention and leg swelling.
- C. Perform regular weight checks to assess for weight loss.
- D. Evaluate for signs of hyperactivity and poor sleep.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct assessment for a patient with bulimia nervosa who frequently engages in purging behaviors is to observe for parotid gland enlargement and dehydration. Parotid gland enlargement is a common physical manifestation due to repeated vomiting, and dehydration can result from purging behaviors. This assessment is crucial in monitoring the patient's physical health and identifying potential complications. Assessing for fluid retention and leg swelling (Choice B) is more typical in conditions like heart failure. Performing weight checks (Choice C) may not accurately reflect the patient's health status due to fluid shifts. Evaluating for signs of hyperactivity and poor sleep (Choice D) are not directly related to the immediate physical consequences of purging behaviors.
Which nursing diagnosis is likely to apply to an individual diagnosed with a serious mental illness who is homeless?
- A. Insomnia
- B. Substance abuse
- C. Chronic low self-esteem
- D. Impaired environmental interpretation syndrome
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Many individuals with serious mental illness do not live with their families and become homeless. Life on the street or in a shelter has a negative influence on the individuals self-esteem, making this nursing diagnosis one that should be considered. Substance abuse is not an approved NANDA-International diagnosis. Insomnia may be noted in some patients but is not a universal problem. Impaired environmental interpretation syndrome refers to persistent disorientation, which is not seen in a majority of the homeless.
The elderly spouse of a female Alzheimer's client states that his wife seems to wander aimlessly from room to room looking for things in incorrect places, such as kitchen utensils in the bedroom and laundry detergent in the kitchen. He asks the nurse for suggestions of what he can do to help her. What is the nurse's best response?
- A. Keep rooms well lit.'
- B. Keep the home environment simple and user-friendly for her.'
- C. Have clocks and calendars with large letters in several rooms of the house.'
- D. Place large signs on doors or entryways that identify the room.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Place large signs on doors or entryways that identify the room. This is the best response because it directly addresses the issue of the client's confusion and disorientation by providing clear visual cues to help her navigate the home environment effectively. By labeling the rooms with large signs, the client can easily recognize where she is and find what she needs. This strategy helps reduce her anxiety and frustration, promoting a sense of independence and safety.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not specifically target the client's cognitive challenges related to Alzheimer's disease. Keeping rooms well lit, having a simple environment, and using clocks with large letters are helpful suggestions but do not address the primary issue of the client's spatial disorientation and confusion. Placing large signs on doors directly addresses the client's specific needs and is the most effective strategy in this situation.
Treatment of communication disorders is normally the domain of speech therapists and related disciplines, and a range of successful treatment programmes and equipment are available for disabilities such as phonological disorder and stuttering (Saltuklaroglu & Kalinowski, 2005; Law, Garrett & Nye, 2004). For example, hand-held equipment can provide which of the following?
- A. Significant auditory feedback (SAF)
- B. Magnified auditory feedback (MAF)
- C. Altered auditory feedback (AAF)
- D. Actual auditory feedback (AAF)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Altered Auditory Feedback (AAF): A treatment for stuttering providing delayed auditory feedback or frequency changes to improve speech fluency.