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A manager just finished the last annual performance review of the staff, reviews the unexpected expenditures for the month due to use of agency nurses, and shares the latest quality indicators with the staff nurses. This manager is performing which management function?
- A. Directing
- B. Planning
- C. Organizing
- D. Controlling
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Controlling. Controlling involves monitoring performance, comparing it to objectives, and taking corrective actions. In this scenario, the manager is reviewing unexpected expenditures and quality indicators to ensure they align with goals and standards. Directing focuses on guiding and motivating employees. Planning involves setting goals and determining actions to achieve them. Organizing involves arranging resources and tasks.
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A nurse is assisting with the delivery of twins. The first infant is placed on the scale to be weighed. The physician requests an instrument stat. The nurse turns to hand the instrument to the physician, and the infant falls off the scale. When evaluating the incident, the nurse and her manager list contributory factors such as the need for two nurses when multiple births are known, and the location of the scale so far from the delivery field. These nurses are performing a(n):
- A. standardization of care.
- B. root cause analysis.
- C. process variation.
- D. analysis of a deployment flowchart.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: root cause analysis. Root cause analysis involves identifying the underlying causes of an incident to prevent its recurrence. In this scenario, the nurse and manager are examining factors contributing to the infant falling off the scale. They are looking beyond the immediate event to understand the systemic issues that led to the incident, such as the need for additional staff during multiple births and the placement of the scale far from the delivery field. By conducting a root cause analysis, they aim to address these underlying issues and prevent similar incidents in the future.
A: Standardization of care refers to consistent application of best practices, which is not the focus of the nurse and manager's actions in this situation.
C: Process variation involves analyzing inconsistencies in processes, which is not the primary concern in this incident.
D: Analysis of a deployment flowchart examines the flow of resources in a process, which is not directly related to identifying the root causes of the incident.
A novice nurse is unsure of his ability to insert a nasogastric tube for one of the assigned patients who is vomiting coffee ground emesis. The novice nurse waits, hoping that someone with more experience will volunteer to do the job, or he just waits until the end of the shift. This nurse is practicing:
- A. energy management.
- B. priority setting.
- C. procrastination.
- D. introspection.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: procrastination. Procrastination is the act of delaying or avoiding a task that needs to be accomplished. In this scenario, the novice nurse is avoiding the task of inserting a nasogastric tube for a patient who needs it due to uncertainty and fear. Waiting for someone else to volunteer or delaying the task until the end of the shift are clear examples of procrastination. Energy management (A) involves efficiently allocating time and resources, which is not demonstrated here. Priority setting (B) would involve recognizing the urgency of the situation and taking appropriate action. Introspection (D) refers to self-reflection and analyzing one's thoughts and feelings, which is not the primary issue at hand in this scenario.
A nurse is interested in locating reliable information concerning noninvasive blood glucose monitoring. Information is located, and the author is a scientist who conducted studies within the last year on the effectiveness of a particular noninvasive blood glucose monitor. The scientist received funding from a pharmaceutical company to support the studies. The URL indicates the pharmaceutical company site.com. The nurse is concerned about this information's:
- A. authority.
- B. objectivity.
- C. accuracy.
- D. currency.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: objectivity. The nurse should be concerned about the objectivity of the information due to the potential bias introduced by the funding received from a pharmaceutical company. This could influence the scientist's findings and conclusions to favor the interests of the company, affecting the accuracy of the information. Authority (choice A) refers to the expertise of the author, not the potential bias. Accuracy (choice C) is impacted by objectivity and the potential conflict of interest. Currency (choice D) relates to how up-to-date the information is, which is not the main concern in this scenario.
Historically, what movement most influenced unionization in American health care agencies/hospitals?
- A. Immigration laws protected foreign employees from discrimination in hiring or discharge on the basis of national origin and citizenship status.
- B. Women entered the workforce, gaining voice to support unions.
- C. The Industrial Revolution led to poor working conditions and the need to protect workers.
- D. Nurses were exposed to communicable diseases, which led to death and disability.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: The Industrial Revolution introduced poor working conditions in factories, which extended to hospitals.
Step 2: Poor conditions in hospitals led to the need to protect healthcare workers, sparking unionization.
Step 3: This movement influenced the unionization in American health care agencies and hospitals.
Step 4: As a result, choice C is the correct answer.
Summary:
Choice A is incorrect as immigration laws did not directly influence the unionization movement in American healthcare. Choice B is incorrect as women entering the workforce, while significant, did not have the most influence on healthcare unionization. Choice D is incorrect as the exposure to diseases among nurses, while important, did not drive the overall movement for worker protection in healthcare during that time.
A new graduate nurse is preparing for an interview for her first position and knows that: (select all that apply)
- A. the primary goal for the first job is to complete orientation and should be considered as an extension of nursing school.
- B. appointments for interviews should be scheduled immediately after graduation to avoid rushing into a position.
- C. self-confidence can be improved with self-talk, which reminds the graduate that peers from her school are effective practitioners.
- D. work history of even nonmedical positions can demonstrate commitment and reliability so letters from these employers should be in portfolio.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the primary goal for a new graduate nurse in their first job is to successfully complete the orientation process. This is crucial for transitioning from the academic setting to the professional nursing environment. Completing orientation ensures that the nurse is equipped with the necessary knowledge and skills to provide safe and effective patient care.
Choice B is incorrect because scheduling interviews immediately after graduation may not allow the nurse enough time to prepare adequately for the interview process.
Choice C is incorrect because while self-confidence is important, relying solely on past achievements of peers may not be a sustainable source of confidence in a new work environment.
Choice D is incorrect because while work history and letters of recommendation can be valuable, they may not necessarily be the primary focus during the initial stages of a new nurse's career.