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A mother expresses concern to the nurse that the child's regularly scheduled vaccines may not be safe. The mother states that she has heard reports that they cause autism. The most appropriate response by the nurse is.
- A. It is recommended that you wait until the child is older to vaccinate.
- B. There are safer alternative immunizations available now.
- C. There has been no research to establish a relationship between vaccines and autism.
- D. The risks do not outweigh the benefits of immunization against childhood diseases.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Extensive research by reputable institutions like the CDC has found no link between vaccines and autism, making this the most accurate and reassuring response.
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The nurse is assessing a 16-month-old child during a well-baby checkup. Which of the following behaviors would be consistent with autism spectrum disorder? Select all that apply.
- A. The child displays little eye contact with others.
- B. The child thrives on changes in routine.
- C. The child makes few facial expressions toward others.
- D. The child does not like repetition.
- E. The child answers questions verbally.
Correct Answer: A,C,D
Rationale: Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by limited eye contact, few facial expressions, and a preference for repetition, not thriving on change or verbal responses at this age.
A parent of a child with autism spectrum disorder asks the nurse if there is anything that can be done to control the child's tantrums. Which option should the nurse inform the parents that may be appropriate?
- A. Give the child rewards for resisting tantrums.
- B. Reason with the child why tantrums are not effective.
- C. Place the child in a time-out when tantrums occur.
- D. Explore the use of antipsychotic medications to control tantrums.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Antipsychotics like risperidone can help manage severe tantrums and related behaviors in autism, unlike reasoning or time-outs, which are less effective.
Which statement would indicate that medication teaching for the parents of a 6-year-old child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been effective?
- A. We'll teach him the proper way to take the medication, so he can manage it independently.
- B. We'll be sure he takes Ritalin at the same time every day, just before bedtime.
- C. We're so glad that Ritalin will eliminate the problems of ADHD.
- D. We'll be sure to record his weight on a weekly basis.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Monitoring weight weekly addresses Ritalin's potential to suppress appetite, ensuring proper growth management.
The mother of a 6-year-old boy with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder asks to speak to the nurse about her son's disruptive behavior. The nurse would be most therapeutic by saying which of the following?
- A. Your son is a cute child, but he needs to calm down.
- B. It must be difficult to handle your son at home.
- C. You need to take a firmer approach with your son.
- D. Your son sure is active.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Acknowledging the challenges of managing a child with ADHD validates the mother's experience and fosters a therapeutic dialogue.
The parents of a child with ADHD express to the nurse, 'We get so frustrated when our son never minds us.' Which parenting strategies should the nurse discuss with the parents? Select all that apply.
- A. Use time-out for behavior control.
- B. Provide occasional rewards and consequences for behavior.
- C. Give verbal reprimands for negative behavior.
- D. Resist giving praise until fully compliant with requests.
- E. Use a point system for positive and negative behavior.
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: Time-outs, verbal reprimands, and point systems are effective strategies for managing ADHD behaviors consistently.