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A mother is breastfeeding her newborn son and is experiencing signs of her breasts feeling tender and full in between infant feedings. She asks if there are any suggestions that you can provide to help alleviate this physical complaint. The ideal nursing response would be to
- A. tell the patient to wear a bra at all times to provide more support to breast tissue.
- B. have the patient put the infant to her breast more frequently.
- C. place ice packs on breast tissue after infant feeding.
- D. explain that this is a normal finding and will resolve as her breast tissue becomes more used to nursing.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Breast tenderness and fullness between feedings indicate engorgement, a common issue in breastfeeding mothers.
Step 2: Putting the infant to the breast more frequently helps empty the breast and prevents engorgement.
Step 3: Regular feeding stimulates milk production and prevents discomfort.
Step 4: This approach is effective in addressing the underlying issue of engorgement.
Summary:
A: Wearing a bra at all times may not address the root cause of engorgement.
C: Ice packs can provide temporary relief but do not prevent engorgement.
D: Normalizing the issue without providing a solution does not address the discomfort.
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The labor and delivery nurse understands that some neonates spontaneously take a breath once the head and chest is delivered. Which understanding does the nurse have for the neonate that requires chemical stimuli to breathe?
- A. Oxygen is applied immediately to start respirations.
- B. Carbon dioxide is administered in small doses.
- C. Mild hypoxia and decreased pH stimulates the brain.
- D. Suctioning is used to stimulate breathing efforts.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Mild hypoxia and decreased pH stimulate the brain to initiate breathing in neonates.
Step 2: This chemical stimuli trigger the respiratory centers in the brainstem.
Step 3: Oxygen administration may not be necessary as the neonate's own respiratory drive is initiated by chemical stimuli.
Step 4: Carbon dioxide administration is not needed as high levels can be harmful.
Step 5: Suctioning is not used to stimulate breathing but to clear airways if necessary.
Summary: Choice C is correct as it aligns with the physiological response of neonates to chemical stimuli for breathing, while the other choices are not relevant or could be potentially harmful.
Which is the first step in assisting the breastfeeding mother to nurse her infant?
- A. Assess the woman's knowledge of breastfeeding.
- B. Provide instruction on the composition of breast milk.
- C. Discuss the hormonal changes that trigger the milk-ejection reflex.
- D. Help her obtain a comfortable position and place the infant to the breast.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because assessing the woman's knowledge of breastfeeding is crucial to understand her current understanding and skill level. By doing so, the tutor can identify any misconceptions or gaps in knowledge that need to be addressed. This step lays the foundation for providing tailored education and support to the mother.
Choice B is incorrect because providing instruction on the composition of breast milk is informative but not the first step in assisting the breastfeeding mother. Choice C is incorrect as discussing hormonal changes is important but not the initial step. Choice D is incorrect because helping the mother obtain a comfortable position and placing the infant to the breast should come after assessing her knowledge to ensure effective nursing.
A patient with blood group AB, whose husband has blood group O, has recently given birth. What is the main complication or test result to watch for in the newborn concerning ABO incompatibility?
- A. negative Coombs test
- B. bleeding from the nose and ear
- C. jaundice after the first 24 hours of life
- D. jaundice within the first 24 hours of life
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Jaundice appearing within the first 24 hours suggests ABO incompatibility.
A neonates 5-minute Apgar assessment reveals the following: active motion; pulse
- A. 126 beats/minute; grimace and coughing during suctioning; appearance
- B. good color all over; and respirations slightly irregular with weak cry. What action by the nurse is most appropriate?
- C. Assess oxygen saturation and administer oxygen if needed.
- D. Document the findings in the chart and begin the identification process.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The babys 5-minute Apgar score is 8 (motion 2; pulse 2; grimace 2; appearance 1; respirations 1). If a 5-minute Apgar score is less than 9 the nurse should stabilize the infant instead of leaving the baby with the parents in the birthing unit. Because it appears that this babys problems are related to either oxygenation or perfusion the nurse should assess the oximetry reading and administer oxygen if needed.
The nurse is assisting a newborn's primary care provider with the performance of a circumcision. Which intervention is used to manage the neonate's pain?
- A. A Velcro tourniquet is loosely wrapped around the penis.
- B. The neonate is breastfed first to promote a sense of calmness.
- C. A sucrose-dipped pacifier is offered during the nerve block.
- D. The foreskin is numbed with ice before the nerve block.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because offering a sucrose-dipped pacifier during the nerve block procedure can help manage the newborn's pain by providing comfort and distraction through the sweet taste and sucking motion. Sucrose has been shown to have analgesic effects in newborns. Choice A is incorrect as a tourniquet is not recommended for circumcision. Choice B may help with calming but not specifically with pain management. Choice D is incorrect as numbing with ice before the nerve block may not be effective in providing adequate pain relief during the procedure.