Nokea
A mother reported to you that her 6-year-old child is suffering from diarrhea. Which of the following advice will you give to the mother?
- A. Breastfeeding should be continued day and night
- B. Formula milk should be stopped for 6 hours
- C. Breast milk can be given together with oral rehydration salts
- D. A and C
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When a child is suffering from diarrhea, it is essential to continue breastfeeding day and night to maintain hydration and provide necessary nutrients. Stopping formula milk for 6 hours (choice B) is not the recommended approach as it may lead to a lack of essential nutrients during this critical time. Giving breast milk together with oral rehydration salts (choice C) can help replenish lost fluids and electrolytes, making it a suitable recommendation. Therefore, advising the mother to follow both options A and C is the most appropriate approach to manage the child's condition effectively.
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Which of the following is not an infectious cause of diarrhea?
- A. Allergy
- B. Bacteria
- C. Parasite
- D. Virus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Allergy. Allergy is not an infectious cause of diarrhea. Diarrhea caused by bacteria, parasites, and viruses is due to infection, while an allergy triggers an immune response that can lead to diarrhea but is not caused by an infectious agent. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because bacteria, parasites, and viruses are known infectious causes of diarrhea, resulting from infections by these microorganisms.
The provider is educating the parents of a newborn about circumcision care. Which of the following instructions should be included?
- A. Cleanse the penis with each diaper change using alcohol wipes.
- B. Avoid using petroleum jelly on the circumcision site.
- C. Report any yellowish exudate around the head of the penis.
- D. Use warm water to clean the penis gently during diaper changes.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct instruction for circumcision care is to use warm water to gently clean the penis during diaper changes. Alcohol wipes should be avoided as they can cause irritation. Yellowish exudate around the head of the penis is a normal part of the healing process and does not require reporting unless accompanied by other concerning symptoms. Avoiding petroleum jelly on the circumcision site is important to prevent trapping moisture and bacteria, which can lead to infection.
The healthcare provider is assessing a newborn who is 2 hours old. Which finding requires immediate intervention?
- A. Acrocyanosis
- B. Respiratory rate of 60 breaths per minute
- C. Grunting with nasal flaring
- D. Heart rate of 140 beats per minute
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Grunting with nasal flaring is a concerning sign of respiratory distress in a newborn that can indicate inadequate oxygenation. This finding requires immediate intervention to ensure the newborn's respiratory status is stabilized and to prevent further complications. Prompt assessment and appropriate intervention are crucial in such cases to prevent respiratory compromise and potential deterioration. Acrocyanosis, which is bluish discoloration of the extremities, is a common finding in newborns and usually resolves on its own. A respiratory rate of 60 breaths per minute and a heart rate of 140 beats per minute are within normal ranges for a newborn and do not indicate immediate intervention is needed.
A postpartum client is concerned about hair loss. The nurse explains that this is:
- A. A sign of nutritional deficiency
- B. A temporary condition due to hormonal changes
- C. An indication of a thyroid disorder
- D. A result of poor hair care during pregnancy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hair loss postpartum is a common temporary condition caused by hormonal changes that occur after giving birth. This condition is known as postpartum alopecia and is a normal part of the postpartum period. It is important for the nurse to reassure the client that this hair loss is temporary and usually resolves on its own without the need for medical intervention. Choice A is incorrect because postpartum hair loss is primarily due to hormonal changes rather than nutritional deficiency. Choice C is incorrect as thyroid disorder is not typically the cause of postpartum hair loss. Choice D is incorrect as poor hair care during pregnancy does not cause postpartum hair loss.
The nurse is preparing to administer vitamin K to a newborn. The mother asks why this injection is necessary. What is the nurse's best response?
- A. It helps the baby's liver function properly.
- B. It prevents bleeding disorders in the newborn.
- C. It boosts the baby's immune system.
- D. It promotes the baby's growth and development.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Vitamin K is administered to newborns to prevent bleeding disorders since they have low levels of vitamin K, which is essential for blood clotting. By providing this injection, the nurse ensures that the newborn has an adequate supply of vitamin K to support proper blood clotting and prevent potential bleeding complications. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because vitamin K's primary role in newborns is related to blood clotting and preventing bleeding, not liver function, immune system, or growth and development.