Chronic Illness NCLEX Questions

Chronic Illness NCLEX Questions Related

Review Chronic Illness NCLEX Questions related questions and content

A new nurse has been assigned a client who is in the hospital to receive iodine-131 treatment. Which action by the nurse is best?

  • A. Ensure the client is placed in protective isolation.
  • B. Hand off a pregnant client to another nurse.
  • C. No special action is necessary to care for this client.
  • D. Read the policy on handling radioactive excreta.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Iodine-131 is a radioactive isotope used in treatments like thyroid cancer therapy, and it is excreted through body fluids such as urine and sweat. This poses a radiation hazard to healthcare workers and others if not managed properly. The best action for a new nurse is to read the facility's policy on handling radioactive excreta, as this ensures adherence to safety protocols specific to the institution, protecting both the nurse and the client. Protective isolation is not typically required for iodine-131 patients; instead, radiation precautions limit exposure to others. Handing off a pregnant client might be relevant in other contexts but isn't the priority here unless the nurse is pregnant herself, which isn't specified. Assuming no special action is needed is dangerous given the radioactive nature of the treatment. Reviewing the policy equips the nurse with the knowledge to manage waste, maintain a safe distance, and use protective equipment, aligning with radiation safety principles critical in oncology nursing.

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Which of the following procedures are performed for a client with a pericardial effusion?

  • A. Thoracotomy
  • B. Pericardiocentesis
  • C. Coronary artery bypass graft
  • D. Thoracentesis
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Pericardial effusion fluid around the heart threatens tamponade, compressing cardiac output. Pericardiocentesis drains this via needle or catheter, relieving pressure, a targeted fix for this diagnosis. Thoracotomy, an open chest surgery, is overkill unless complications escalate. Coronary bypass addresses arterial blockages, unrelated to effusion. Thoracentesis taps pleural fluid, not pericardial. Nurses prep for pericardiocentesis, anticipating its urgency in restoring function, a procedure matching the condition's anatomy and risk, critical for stabilizing clients in this cardiac emergency.

Which patient is at greatest risk for pancreatic cancer?

  • A. An elderly black male with a history of smoking and alcohol use
  • B. A young, white obese female with no known health issues
  • C. A young black male with juvenile onset diabetes
  • D. An elderly white female with a history of pancreatitis
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Pancreatic cancer risk escalates with specific factors: age, race, smoking, and alcohol. An elderly Black male with smoking and alcohol history tops the list incidence peaks in older adults, Black populations face higher rates, and both habits are strong carcinogens, damaging pancreatic tissue over time. A young, obese white female has obesity as a risk, but youth and fewer exposures lower her odds. A young Black male with diabetes links to a risk factor, yet juvenile onset and age reduce immediate concern. An elderly white female with pancreatitis has a notable risk chronic inflammation predisposes but lacks the compounded impact of smoking and alcohol. The elderly Black male's profile aligns with epidemiological data, making him the nurse's focus for vigilant monitoring and early detection efforts.

According to the McGinnis model of 2002, what percentage of health differences between people is related to their behaviour?

  • A. 10%
  • B. 20%
  • C. 30%
  • D. 40%
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: McGinnis pegs behaviour smoking, eating at 40% of health gaps, big over genes or care. Nurses lean on this, a chronic choice chunk.

After change-of-shift report on the oncology unit, which patient should the nurse assess first?

  • A. Patient who has a platelet count of 82,000/µL after chemotherapy
  • B. Patient who has xerostomia after receiving head and neck radiation
  • C. Patient who is neutropenic and has a temperature of 100.5°F (38.1°C)
  • D. Patient who is worried about getting the prescribed long-acting opioid on time
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Neutropenia plus 100.5°F screams infection sepsis looms, outranking low platelets (A bleeding's later), dry mouth , or opioid timing . Nurses in oncology bolt here fever in a white-cell wasteland's a killer, needing stat eyes.

For care of a patient who has oral cancer, which task would be appropriate to delegate to the LPN/LVN?

  • A. Assist the patient to brush and floss
  • B. Explain when brushing and flossing are contraindicated
  • C. Give antacids and sucralfate suspension as ordered
  • D. Recommend saliva substitutes
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: LPN/LVNs excel in medication administration within their scope, making giving antacids and sucralfate ordered for oral cancer's mucosal protection ideal. Brushing and flossing assistance fits nursing assistants, a basic task. Explaining contraindications requires RN-level judgment to assess risks like bleeding or infection. Recommending saliva substitutes needs physician or pharmacist input, beyond LPN/LVN authority. Medication delivery leverages their training, easing symptoms like pain or ulcers, ensuring safe, supervised care in oral cancer's complex management, a practical delegation choice.

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