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A new patient arrived in a physician's unit. He or she has been diagnosed with a brain tumor. The physician is told that the patient is unable to speak. Based on this sign, where is the tumor located?
- A. Frontal lobe.
- B. Occipital lobe.
- C. Cerebellum.
- D. Parietal lobe.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The frontal lobe controls speech and language functions.
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Each cerebral hemisphere is divided into ________ lobes, ________ of which have the same name as the bone over them.
- A. four, three
- B. three, two
- C. five, two
- D. five, four
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Each cerebral hemisphere is divided into four lobes: the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes. Three of these lobes (frontal, parietal, and temporal) share their names with the bones of the skull that overlie them. The occipital lobe is named after the occipital bone. Therefore, four, three is the correct answer as it accurately describes the division and naming of the cerebral lobes.
Which of the following might indicate a problem with the patient's sensory system?
- A. Inability to feel light touch or pain in specific areas.
- B. Normal sensation throughout the body.
- C. Clear and accurate perception of temperature.
- D. Absence of tingling or numbness.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Inability to feel light touch or pain suggests sensory system dysfunction. Normal sensation, accurate temperature perception, and absence of tingling are expected findings.
A client admitted with an exacerbation of multiple sclerosis is demonstrating frustration with eating because hand and arm spasms prevent the proper use of utensils. What should the nurse do to assist this client?
- A. Consult with Occupational Therapy regarding assistive devices for meals.
- B. Counsel the client to select finger foods for meals.
- C. Plan time to feed the client.
- D. Consult with Physical Therapy regarding hand and arm exercises.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Occupational therapy can provide adaptive devices and strategies to help the client eat independently despite hand and arm spasms. Finger foods and feeding assistance are less ideal solutions.
An 18 year-old college freshman presents to the emergency room for evaluation of fever, headache, and neck stiffness. On physical examination, the patient is resting quietly and has a flushed face. His vital signs are as follows: temperature, 104 F; pulse, 110 bpm; and BP, 105/70. He has no rashes. During the physical examination, you flex the patient's neck and his hips and knees flex in response, indicating a meningeal irritation. The name of this positive sign is:
- A. Kernig's sign
- B. Brudzinski sign
- C. Babinski's sign
- D. Lachman's sign
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Brudzinski's sign is a physical finding associated with meningeal irritation. When the neck is flexed, it causes involuntary flexion of the hips and knees. This sign, along with Kernig's sign, is used to diagnose meningitis. Babinski's sign and Lachman's sign are unrelated to meningeal irritation.
Immediately after an action potential is propagated, which one of the following ions rapidly diffuses out of the cell into the tissue fluid:
- A. sodium
- B. chloride
- C. calcium
- D. potassium
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: After an action potential, potassium ions rapidly diffuse out of the cell to restore the resting membrane potential. Sodium ions enter the cell during depolarization, while chloride, calcium, and magnesium ions play different roles in cellular processes. Thus, D is the correct answer.