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A newborn is diagnosed with congenital syphilis. Classic signs of congenital syphilis are:
- A. Red papular rash, desquamation, white strawberry tongue
- B. Rhinitis, maculopapular rash, hepatosplenomegaly
- C. Red edematous cheeks, maculopapular rash on the trunk and extremities
- D. Epicanthal folds, low-set ears, protruding tongue
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Congenital syphilis presents with rhinitis (‘snuffles'), maculopapular rash, and hepatosplenomegaly due to systemic infection.
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A client develops mastitis in the postpartum period. Which of the following instructions does the nurse anticipate when notifying the physician? Select all that apply.
- A. Antibiotics for 7 to 10 days.
- B. Opioid analgesia.
- C. Alternating hot and cold compresses to relieve the pain.
- D. Discontinuation of breastfeeding.
- E. Continuation of breastfeeding.
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: Mastitis is typically treated with antibiotics (A) for 7-10 days to address the infection. Alternating hot and cold compresses (C) can help relieve pain and reduce inflammation. Continuation of breastfeeding (E) is encouraged to promote milk flow and prevent further complications, unless contraindicated. Opioid analgesia (B) is not typically required, and discontinuation of breastfeeding (D) is not recommended as it may worsen the condition.
A 52-year-old client is undergoing menopause. Which of the following physical sign or symptom is often attributed to decreased estrogen production associated with menopause?
- A. Weight loss
- B. Excessive sleeping
- C. Increased fat deposits on hips and abdomen
- D. Increased metabolic rate
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Decreased estrogen in menopause often leads to increased fat deposits on hips and abdomen (C). Weight loss (A), excessive sleeping (B), and increased metabolic rate (D) are not typical.
How many hours of activity per day are necessary to prevent disuse syndrome with muscle atrophy and joint contracture?
- A. 6 hours
- B. 4 hours
- C. 2 hours
- D. 1 hour
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Approximately 2 hours of activity daily (C), including range-of-motion exercises or ambulation, helps prevent disuse syndrome, muscle atrophy, and joint contractures in immobilized clients.
If a client has had repair of a right fractured hip and has an overhead trapeze on the bed to assist with movement, which of the following instructions should the client receive about use of the assistive device? Select all that apply.
- A. The client should always grasp the bar with both hands before moving.
- B. The client should grasp the bar with the left hand and place the right hand flat on the bed to assist movement.
- C. The client should flex the left hip and knee and place the foot flat on the bed before moving.
- D. The client should keep the left hip and knee extended when moving.
Correct Answer: A,C
Rationale: Using both hands on the trapeze (A) and flexing the left leg (C) assist safe movement post-right hip repair. Using one hand (B) or keeping the leg extended (D) is less effective.
An elderly client is diagnosed with ovarian cancer. She has surgery followed by chemotherapy with a fluorouracil (Adrucil) IV. What should the nurse do if she notices crystals in the IV medication?
- A. Discard the solution and order a new bag
- B. Warm the solution
- C. Continue the infusion and document the finding
- D. Discontinue the medication
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Crystals in IV fluorouracil indicate precipitation; the solution should be discarded to prevent administration errors.