FNP Pediatric Practice Questions

FNP Pediatric Practice Questions Related

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A newborn is diagnosed with retinopathy of prematurity. What should the nurse know about this diagnosis?

  • A. Blindness cannot be prevented.
  • B. No treatment is currently available.
  • C. Cryotherapy and laser therapy are effective treatments.
  • D. Long-term administration of oxygen will be necessary.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a disorder of the developing retinal blood vessels in premature infants. Cryotherapy and laser therapy are both effective treatments for ROP. These treatments can help prevent vision loss and improve the chances of maintaining good vision. Prompt detection and intervention are key in managing ROP to prevent long-term visual impairment. Therefore, the nurse should be aware that cryotherapy and laser therapy are effective interventions for ROP, contrary to the options suggesting blindness cannot be prevented or no treatment is available. Long-term administration of oxygen can contribute to the development of ROP, so careful monitoring and management of oxygen levels are necessary in premature infants to prevent this condition.

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Which of the following is not a criterion for a valid informed consent that a nurse should identify?

  • A. freely given
  • B. with coercion
  • C. has an explanation of procedures
  • D. describes the alternatives
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Coercion should not be involved in obtaining informed consent as it undermines the voluntary nature of the decision-making process. Informed consent should be freely given by the patient without any form of pressure or manipulation. The other criteria for valid informed consent that a nurse should identify include that it is freely given, includes an explanation of procedures, and describes the alternatives available to the patient.

A home care nurse assesses for disease complications in a client with bone cancer. The nurse knows that bone cancer may cause which electrolyte disturbance?

  • A. Hyperkalemia
  • B. Hyponatremia
  • C. Hypercalcemia
  • D. hypomagnesemia
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Bone cancer can lead to the release of calcium from the bones into the bloodstream, resulting in hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia is a common electrolyte disturbance seen in clients with bone cancer. When the calcium levels in the blood are elevated, it can lead to various complications such as kidney stones, muscle weakness, confusion, and cardiac arrhythmias. Therefore, it is essential for the home care nurse to assess for signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia in clients with bone cancer to prevent potential complications.

A nurse is reviewing acid-base laboratory data on a newborn admitted to the NICU for meconium aspiration. Which laboratory values should the nurse report to the physician? (Select all that apply.)

  • A. pH: 7.35
  • B. PCO : 49
  • C. HCO -: 30
  • D. PaO : 96
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: pH: 7.35 - This pH value is within the normal range for a newborn and does not indicate acidosis or alkalosis.

A seizure characterized by loss of consciousness and tonic spasms of the trunk and extremities rapidly followed by repetitive generalized clonic jerking is classified as:

  • A. Focal seizure
  • B. Jacksonian seizure
  • C. Generalized seizure
  • D. Partial seizure
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The description provided aligns with the characteristics of a generalized seizure. Generalized seizures involve abnormal electrical activity in the entire brain, leading to loss of consciousness and widespread motor symptoms, such as tonic (stiffening) and clonic (jerking) movements affecting both sides of the body. Examples of generalized seizures include tonic-clonic seizures (formerly known as grand mal seizures) where there is a sequence of tonic stiffness followed by clonic jerking. In contrast, focal (partial) seizures originate in a specific area of the brain and may result in localized symptoms before possibly spreading to involve both sides of the brain. Jacksonian seizures specifically refer to focal seizures with motor symptoms that spread in a stepwise fashion, starting from one part of the body.

Which of the following is information the nurse would be correct in giving the patient about smoking and its effect on BP?

  • A. It is associated with stages 1 and 2 hypertension.
  • B. It does not affect BP regulation.
  • C. It vasodilates the peripheral blood vessels.
  • D. It causes sustained BP elevation.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Smoking is a known risk factor for hypertension. Chronic smoking leads to sustained elevation in blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction of the blood vessels, increasing heart rate, and promoting the formation of plaques in the arteries. This can contribute to the development of hypertension over time. Therefore, the nurse would be correct in informing the patient that smoking causes sustained elevation in blood pressure.