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A newborn is small for gestational age (SGA). Which of the following findings is associated with this condition?
- A. Moist skin
- B. Protruding abdomen
- C. Gray umbilical cord
- D. Wide skull sutures
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Wide skull sutures. Small for gestational age (SGA) newborns may have wide skull sutures due to reduced skull growth in utero. This is because their growth was restricted, leading to smaller head size and delayed closure of skull sutures.
A, B, and C are incorrect:
A: Moist skin is not a typical finding associated with being small for gestational age.
B: Protruding abdomen is more commonly seen in conditions like gastroschisis or omphalocele, not necessarily SGA.
C: Gray umbilical cord color is not specifically linked to being small for gestational age.
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When calculating the Apgar score of a newborn at 1 minute after delivery, which of the following findings would result in a score of 6?
- A. 4
- B. 5
- C. 6
- D. 7
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Apgar score assesses the newborn's overall condition at birth based on five criteria: heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and color. A score of 6 at 1 minute indicates moderate difficulty in transitioning to extrauterine life. For a score of 6, the baby may have a heart rate below 100 bpm, weak respiratory effort, some muscle tone, grimacing reflex irritability, and a body with bluish extremities but normal body color. Choice C aligns with these criteria. Choices A, B, and D do not meet the requirements for a score of 6 as they represent either too low or too high values in one or more criteria, resulting in a different Apgar score.
A client is receiving postpartum discharge teaching after being vaccinated for varicella due to lack of immunity. Which statement by the client indicates understanding?
- A. I will need a second vaccination at my postpartum visit.
- B. I need a second vaccination at my postpartum visit.
- C. I was given the vaccine to protect myself from varicella.
- D. I will be tested in 3 months to confirm my immunity status.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because it demonstrates the client's understanding that a second vaccination is needed, which is crucial for developing adequate immunity against varicella. This statement shows comprehension of the vaccination schedule and the importance of completing the series for full protection.
Option A is incorrect as it suggests the need for a second vaccination but lacks conviction. Option C is incorrect because it only states the purpose of the vaccine without addressing the need for a second dose. Option D is incorrect as it mentions testing for immunity status, which is not typically necessary after receiving the varicella vaccine.
A caregiver is being taught about bottle feeding a newborn. Which of the following statements by the caregiver indicates a need for further instruction?
- A. I will keep the baby's head elevated while feeding.
- B. I will allow the baby to burp several times during each feeding.
- C. I will tilt the bottle to prevent air from entering as the baby sucks.
- D. My baby will have soft, formed yellow stools.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Tilt the bottle to prevent air from entering as the baby sucks is incorrect. It is important not to tilt the bottle as it can cause the baby to swallow air, leading to gas and discomfort. A: Keeping the baby's head elevated helps prevent choking. B: Allowing the baby to burp reduces gas and discomfort. D: Soft, formed yellow stools indicate a healthy digestive system. Thus, C is the only statement that may lead to issues and requires further instruction.
During the third trimester of pregnancy, which of the following findings should a nurse recognize as an expected physiologic change?
- A. Gradual lordosis
- B. Increased abdominal muscle tone
- C. Posterior neck flexion
- D. Decreased mobility of pelvic joints
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Gradual lordosis. During the third trimester, the growing uterus shifts the center of gravity forward, leading to an increased lumbar curvature known as lordosis. This change helps maintain balance and support the extra weight. Increased abdominal muscle tone (B) is not an expected finding as abdominal muscles tend to stretch and weaken during pregnancy. Posterior neck flexion (C) is not a common physiologic change during the third trimester. Decreased mobility of pelvic joints (D) is incorrect as hormonal changes during pregnancy actually increase flexibility in the pelvic joints to prepare for childbirth.
When reinforcing teaching with a group of new parents about proper techniques for bottle feeding, which of the following instructions should be provided?
- A. Burp the newborn at the end of the feeding
- B. Hold the newborn close in a supine position
- C. Keep the nipple full of formula throughout the feeding
- D. Refrigerate any unused formula
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
C is correct because keeping the nipple full of formula throughout the feeding helps prevent the baby from swallowing air, reducing the risk of gas and colic. A is incorrect because burping should be done mid-feeding. B is incorrect because newborns should be held in an upright position while feeding to prevent choking. D is incorrect because unused formula should be discarded within 1-2 hours, not refrigerated.