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A non-Hispanic white nurse provides care to mostly Hispanic patients. It would be most important for the nurse to take which action?
- A. Discover cultural influences on healthcare perceptions and behaviors.
- B. Assist the patients to adapt to American culture and health beliefs.
- C. Avoid confrontation of underlying issues of discrimination.
- D. Improve communication by learning how to speak Spanish.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Understanding cultural influences is crucial for providing effective care to diverse patients.
Step 2: By discovering healthcare perceptions and behaviors, the nurse can tailor care to meet the patients' needs.
Step 3: This approach promotes cultural competence and improves patient outcomes.
Step 4: Other choices are incorrect as they do not address the core issue of cultural understanding and sensitivity.
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When interacting with an older adult patient, the nurse would enhance communication by:
- A. speaking slowly in order to allow the patient to process the message.
- B. addressing him by his first name to encourage a therapeutic relationship.
- C. standing in the doorway rather than entering the room to give the older adult patient more privacy.
- D. speaking in simple sentences, as if to a child. When interacting with an older adult, the nurse should try not to speak too quickly or expect an immediate answer because the older adult may take more time to process the message. Do not use baby talk or speak to them as if they were children.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because speaking slowly allows the older adult patient to process the message at their own pace, considering potential hearing or cognitive impairments. Speaking slowly also shows respect and patience.
Option B is incorrect because using the first name may not be culturally appropriate or may not align with the patient's preference for formality.
Option C is incorrect because standing in the doorway may be seen as disrespectful and inhibit effective communication by creating physical barriers.
Option D is incorrect because speaking in simple sentences is important, but speaking as if to a child may be patronizing and disrespectful to the older adult patient.
When an office nurse asks the patient to repeat information that he has just given to the patient over the telephone, the nurse is:
- A. testing the patient's intelligence and memory.
- B. acting in a cautious way to avoid charges of negligence.
- C. verifying that the patient understands the information.
- D. saving the extra time it would take to mail the information. Obtaining feedback from a patient to ascertain that the patient understands instructions is an important part of the communication process, especially over the phone, when the nurse does not have nonverbal cues.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because asking the patient to repeat the information verifies their understanding. This is crucial in healthcare to ensure accurate communication and patient safety. Choice A is incorrect as it focuses on intelligence rather than comprehension. Choice B is incorrect as it assumes the nurse is motivated by avoiding negligence rather than patient care. Choice D is incorrect as saving time should not compromise patient understanding.Verifying patient comprehension fosters effective communication and prevents errors.
Mr. U (pulmonary resection) has developed a tension pneumothorax. He is currently receiving high-flow oxygen via nonrebreather mask but continues to experience respiratory distress. What is the priority action?
- A. Remove the occlusive dressing around the chest wound.
- B. Perform a needle thoracotomy with a 14- to 16-gauge catheter needle.
- C. Initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
- D. Call for the crash cart and intubation equipment.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Perform a needle thoracotomy with a 14- to 16-gauge catheter needle.
Rationale:
1. Tension pneumothorax is a life-threatening emergency where air accumulates in the pleural space, causing lung collapse and increased pressure in the chest.
2. The standard treatment for tension pneumothorax is needle thoracostomy, which involves inserting a large-bore needle into the chest to release the trapped air.
3. In this scenario, Mr. U is in respiratory distress despite receiving high-flow oxygen, indicating a significant problem with ventilation that requires immediate intervention.
4. Performing a needle thoracotomy will rapidly decompress the tension pneumothorax, relieving pressure on the heart and lungs, and improving respiratory function.
5. This action takes precedence over other options such as removing the occlusive dressing, initiating CPR, or calling for intubation equipment, as immediate decompression is crucial in managing tension pneumoth
The nurse is interviewing a Native American client. It is most important for the nurse to take which action?
- A. Maintain eye contact to show respect and interest.
- B. Assess whether the client is comfortable with eye contact.
- C. Avoid prolonged eye contact with this client.
- D. Sit next to the patient to avoid any eye contact.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Assess whether the client is comfortable with eye contact. This is important because different cultures have varying views on eye contact, and it is crucial to respect the client's preferences. By assessing the client's comfort level with eye contact, the nurse can establish rapport and demonstrate cultural sensitivity.
A: Maintaining eye contact may not be culturally appropriate for some Native American clients, so it is important to assess their comfort level first.
C: Avoiding prolonged eye contact assumes all Native American clients have the same preferences, which is not accurate.
D: Sitting next to the patient to avoid eye contact may be perceived as distancing or disrespectful in some cultures.
A patient asks the nurse, "What would you do if you had cancer and had to choose between surgery and chemotherapy?" The reply that can best help the patient is:
- A. "If I were you, I would choose surgery and then consider chemo afterward."
- B. "What solutions have you considered?"
- C. "I would talk it over with my friends first."
- D. "I don't know. I'm glad it isn't my decision." Nurses can help by reminding patients of alternatives open to them and should refrain from giving advice but can encourage the patient to consider options. The nurse may be glad not to face a decision a patient must, but it is not helpful to the patient to say this.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why answer B is correct:
1. Answer B encourages patient autonomy by asking what solutions the patient has considered.
2. This response acknowledges the patient's ability to make decisions about their own healthcare.
3. By asking the patient about their considered solutions, the nurse can guide the discussion towards exploring different options.
4. This approach promotes shared decision-making between the patient and healthcare provider.
5. It empowers the patient to actively participate in their treatment planning.
6. Ultimately, answer B respects the patient's autonomy, fosters open communication, and supports informed decision-making.