Nokea
A non-pharmacological measure of pain relief in labour includes
- A. Entonox
- B. Cyclothane
- C. Homeopathy
- D. Diamorphine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Homeopathy. Homeopathy involves using highly diluted substances to stimulate the body's natural healing processes. In labor, homeopathy can help manage pain and support relaxation. Entonox (A) and Diamorphine (D) are pharmacological measures, while Cyclothane (B) is not a recognized pain relief option in labor. Homeopathy aligns with non-pharmacological approaches, making it the most suitable choice for pain relief in labor.
You may also like to solve these questions
There are no other abnormal findings. This suggests that Mr. Thornton
- A. Is having anterior wall ischemia
- B. Is having an anterior wall infarction
- C. Has a history of anterior wall NSTEMI
- D. Has a history of anterior wall STEMI
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the absence of any other abnormal findings suggests that Mr. Thornton is currently experiencing an anterior wall infarction. This is indicated by the localized area of myocardial necrosis due to prolonged ischemia. Option A is incorrect because ischemia would typically present with reversible changes rather than necrosis. Option C is incorrect as NSTEMI would show some abnormal findings. Option D is incorrect as STEMI would show more significant ECG changes and enzyme elevation. In summary, the absence of other abnormalities points towards an acute event like an anterior wall infarction.
R. S. is a 66-year-old female with Cushings syndrome due to an ACTH-producing pituitary tumor. The tumor is readily isolated by imaging, and the patient had an uneventful surgery. When seeing her in follow-up, the AGACNP anticipates
- A. Rapid reversal of symptoms, with good pituitary function
- B. Transient rebound release of remaining pituitary hormones
- C. Markedly improved dexamethasone suppression test
- D. Hyponatremia and compensatory SIADH
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Transient rebound release of remaining pituitary hormones. After surgical removal of the ACTH-producing pituitary tumor in Cushing's syndrome, there may be a transient rebound release of remaining pituitary hormones due to relief of negative feedback from the tumor. This can lead to a temporary increase in pituitary hormone levels before normalization.
Rationale:
1. Rapid reversal of symptoms with good pituitary function (Choice A) is less likely as it takes time for the pituitary gland to recover and resume normal hormone production post-surgery.
2. Markedly improved dexamethasone suppression test (Choice C) is not expected immediately after surgery as it may take time for the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to normalize.
3. Hyponatremia and compensatory SIADH (Choice D) are unlikely post-operatively in Cushing's syndrome as removal of the ACTH-producing tumor should lead to normalization of
The commonest major cause of primary postpartum haemorrhage is
- A. Trauma of the genital tract
- B. Blood coagulation disorder
- C. Prolonged 3rd stage
- D. Atony of the uterus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Atony of the uterus is the most common cause of primary postpartum hemorrhage due to inadequate uterine contractions.
Step 2: Trauma of the genital tract can lead to bleeding but is not as common as atony of the uterus in postpartum hemorrhage.
Step 3: Blood coagulation disorder can contribute to excessive bleeding but is not the primary cause of postpartum hemorrhage.
Step 4: Prolonged 3rd stage can result in postpartum hemorrhage but is typically secondary to uterine atony.
The PRIORITY action to take when nursing a neonate on phototherapy is to
- A. Turn the neonate every six hours routinely
- B. Encourage mother to discontinue breastfeeding
- C. Notify physician if the skin turns bronze-colored
- D. Check the neonate’s vital signs every 2-4 hourly
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Check the neonate’s vital signs every 2-4 hourly. This is the priority action because neonates undergoing phototherapy are at risk for dehydration and temperature instability. Monitoring vital signs regularly helps to detect any signs of dehydration, such as decreased urine output or increased heart rate, and ensures timely intervention.
Explanation for other choices:
A: Turning the neonate every six hours routinely is important for preventing pressure ulcers but is not the priority when compared to monitoring vital signs for potential complications.
B: Encouraging the mother to discontinue breastfeeding is incorrect as breastmilk provides essential nutrients and hydration, which are important for neonates, even during phototherapy.
C: Notifying the physician if the skin turns bronze-colored is important to address a potential adverse reaction to phototherapy but does not take precedence over monitoring vital signs for immediate concerns.
When counseling a patient about his surgical options for an ulcer that has been refractory to medical therapy, the AGACNP advises the patient that he will need
- A. Lifelong vitamin D replacement
- B. Excision of the ulcer, which produces an 80% cure rate
- C. To eat much smaller, more frequent meals
- D. Some form of vagotomy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Correct Answer: D. Some form of vagotomy
Rationale:
1. Vagotomy is a surgical procedure that involves cutting the vagus nerve to reduce acid production in the stomach, which can help in treating ulcers.
2. Vagotomy is often recommended when ulcers are refractory to medical therapy, making it an appropriate surgical option.
3. Lifelong vitamin D replacement (A) is not typically necessary for ulcer treatment. Excision of the ulcer (B) is not a common treatment and does not address the underlying cause. Eating smaller meals (C) may help manage symptoms but is not a surgical option for refractory ulcers.