Nokea
A nurse admitting a patient with a history of emphysema reviews her past lab reports and notes that the patient's PaCO2 has been 56 to 64 mmHg. The nurse will be cautious administering oxygen because:
- A. The patient's calcium will rise dramatically due to pituitary stimulation.
- B. The oxygen will increase the patient's intracranial pressure and create confusion.
- C. The oxygen may cause the patient to hyperventilate and become acidotic.
- D. Using oxygen may result in the patient developing carbon dioxide narcosis and hypoxemia.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
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Your patient has alcoholism, and you may suspect during your assessment that his serum magnesium is low. What will the nurse potentially expect to assess related to hypomagnesemia?
- A. Tremor
- B. Pruritus
- C. Edema
- D. Decreased blood pressure
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
A patient is taking spironolactone (Aldactone) to control her hypertension. Her serum potassium level is 6 mEq/L. For this patient, the nurse's priority would be to assess her:
- A. Neuromuscular function
- B. Bowel sounds
- C. Respiratory rate
- D. Electrocardiogram (ECG) results
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
A patient who is in renal failure partially loses the ability to regulate changes in pH because the kidneys:
- A. Regulate and reabsorb carbonic acid to change and maintain pH
- B. Buffer acids through electrolyte changes
- C. Regenerate and reabsorb bicarbonate to maintain a stable pH
- D. Combine carbonic acid and bicarbonate to maintain a stable pH
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
The nurse assessing skin turgor in an elderly patient should remember that:
- A. Overhydration causes the skin to tent.
- B. Dehydration causes the skin to appear edematous and spongy.
- C. Inelastic skin turgor is a normal part of aging.
- D. Normal skin turgor is moist and boggy.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
A nurse in the medical-surgical unit is giving a patient with low blood pressure a hypertonic solution, which will increase the number of dissolved particles in his blood, creating pressure for fluids in the tissues to shift into the capillaries and increase the blood volume. Which of the following terms is associated with this process?
- A. Hydrostatic pressure
- B. Osmosis and osmolality
- C. Diffusion
- D. Active transport
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Osmosis is the movement of fluid from a region of low solute concentration to a region of high solute concentration across a semipermeable membrane. The number of dissolved particles contained in a unit of fluid determines the osmolality of a solution, which influences the movement of fluid between the fluid compartments. Giving a patient who has a low blood pressure a hypertonic solution will increase the number of dissolved particles in the blood, creating pressure for fluids in the tissues to shift into the capillaries and increase the blood volume. Option A is incorrect; hydrostatic pressure refers to changes in water or volume related to water pressure. Option C is incorrect; diffusion is the movement of solutes from an area of greater concentration to lesser concentration. The solutes in an intact vascular system are unable to move, so diffusion should not normally take place. Option D is incorrect; active transport is the movement of molecules against the concentration gradient and requires ATP as an energy source. This process typically takes place at the cellular level and is not involved in vascular volume changes.