Nokea
A nurse advises a client with osteoporosis to have three servings of milk or dairy products daily.
- A. Primary prevention
- B. Secondary prevention
- C. Tertiary prevention
- D. Treatment, but not prevention
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Primary prevention. This recommendation aims to prevent osteoporosis from developing in the first place by promoting adequate calcium intake. Primary prevention focuses on reducing the risk factors and promoting healthy behaviors to prevent the onset of a disease. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they are related to different stages of disease prevention and management. Secondary prevention involves early detection and treatment to prevent complications, tertiary prevention focuses on managing the complications of a disease, and treatment without prevention (choice D) implies addressing the disease after it has already developed.
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The administration at a local medical center examines the trends in health problems when developing long-range plans for staffing and space allocation. Which of the following sources of information would be most helpful?
- A. Local data drawn from a professional survey in the city
- B. The National Health Interview Survey
- C. The National Hospital Discharge Survey
- D. The state's vital statistics
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Local data drawn from a professional survey in the city. This source of information would be most helpful because it provides specific and relevant data regarding the health trends of the local population. By utilizing local data, the administration can tailor their long-range plans to address the unique health issues faced by the community they serve.
Summary of why the other choices are incorrect:
B: The National Health Interview Survey provides national-level data, which may not accurately reflect the health trends specific to the local medical center.
C: The National Hospital Discharge Survey focuses on hospital-specific data and may not capture the full scope of health problems in the community.
D: State's vital statistics offer general information but may lack the specificity needed for targeted planning at the local medical center.
A nurse is administering a tuberculosis skin test to a client who has AIDS. Which of the following
- A. Decreased positive predictive value
- B. Decreased reliability
- C. Decreased sensitivity
- D. Decreased specificity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Decreased positive predictive value. In clients with AIDS, their compromised immune system can lead to false-negative results on the tuberculosis skin test. This decreases the test's ability to accurately predict the presence of tuberculosis if the result is positive. Choice B, decreased reliability, is not specific to the client's condition in this scenario. Choices C and D, decreased sensitivity and specificity, respectively, are not directly impacted by the client having AIDS and are more related to the test's overall performance characteristics.
A nurse is working with a population that exhibits a large amount of diversity. The nurse recognizes that skin color of individuals within this population is an example of what?
- A. Multiculturalism
- B. Ethnicity
- C. Race
- D. Culture
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Race. Skin color is a physical characteristic that is used to categorize individuals into different racial groups based on common physical traits. This is different from ethnicity (choice B), which refers to shared cultural practices and beliefs. Multiculturalism (choice A) and culture (choice D) are broader concepts that encompass various aspects beyond just physical characteristics like skin color. Therefore, the correct answer is race as it specifically relates to the observable physical differences among individuals within a population.
The tendency to ignore all differences between cultures and to act as though the differences do not exist is identified by what term?
- A. Cultural conflict
- B. C M
- C. Culture shock U S N T O
- D. Cultural blindness
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cultural blindness. Cultural blindness refers to the tendency to ignore cultural differences and act as though they do not exist. This term highlights the lack of awareness or recognition of the diversity and nuances of various cultures. It can lead to misunderstandings, miscommunication, and insensitivity towards individuals from different cultural backgrounds.
A: Cultural conflict involves disagreements or tensions arising from cultural differences, which is not the same as ignoring differences.
B: C M, C: Culture shock U S N T O, E:, F:, G: do not provide relevant options.
In summary, cultural blindness is the correct term as it specifically addresses the act of disregarding cultural differences, while the other choices either address different concepts or are irrelevant.
According to Campinha-Bacote's "Process of Cultural Competemility in the Delivery of Healthcare Services" model, which question by a nurse represents the "E" in the mnemonic "A-S-K-E-D" for self-examination?
- A. "Am I aware of my prejudices and biases and the presence of racism and other ‘isms'?"
- B. "Do I know how to conduct a culturally specific history, physical, mental health, medication, and spiritual assessment in a culturally sensitive manner?"
- C. "Do I have knowledge regarding different cultures' worldviews, the field of biocultural ecology, and the importance of addressing social determinants of health?"
- D. "Do I have sacred and unremitting encounters with people from cultures different from mine, and am I committed to resolving cross-cultural conflicts?"
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it aligns with the "E" component in Campinha-Bacote's model, which stands for "Examination of your own cultural beliefs and attitudes towards health care practices." This question prompts self-reflection on prejudices, biases, and racism, crucial for providing culturally competent care. Option B focuses on assessment skills, not self-examination. Option C emphasizes knowledge, not self-awareness. Option D pertains to resolving conflicts, not self-examination. Thus, A is the correct choice for reflecting on personal biases and attitudes.