Nokea
A nurse anticipates the use of a sedative and hypnotic for which of the following?
- A. Headache
- B. Status epilepticus
- C. Preoperative sedation
- D. Insomnia
- E. Hypertension
Correct Answer: B,C,D
Rationale: Sedatives and hypnotics are used in the treatment of insomnia, convulsions, status epilepticus, and seizures and in preoperative and conscious sedation.
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After teaching a group of nursing students about sedatives and hypnotics, the instructor determines that additional teaching is needed when the students identify the absorption of which drug as being affected by a high Vat high-fat meal?
- A. Zolpidem
- B. Eszopiclone
- C. Ramelteon
- D. Zaleplon
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Zolpidem should not be taken with food. A high-fat meal or snack can interfere with the absorption of eszopiclone, ramelteon, and zaleplon.
A client is prescribed flurazepam. When explaining the drug to the client, the nurse would include which of the following as its effect?
- A. Decreased stress
- B. Easing of pain
- C. Induction of sleep
- D. Improvement in circulation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Flurazepam induces sleep. Adrenergic drugs help to relieve stress. Analgesics are used to ease pain. Circulation can be improved by exercising.
A client asks the nurse about using valerian to help him sleep. Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate?
- A. The herb is generally considered safe.
- B. You need to take it about 4 hours before bedtime.
- C. It might take 2 to 4 weeks before you notice the full benefit.
- D. You can combine it with other calming herbs.
- E. If you stop using it, you won't have any withdrawal symptoms.
Correct Answer: A,C,D
Rationale: Valerian is classified as 'generally recognized as safe' (GRAS) for use in the United States. When used as an aid to sleep, valerian is taken approximately 1 hour before bedtime. It can be used in combination with other calming herbs, such as lemon balm or chamomile. It may take 2 to 4 weeks before the full therapeutic effect (i.e., improvement of mood and sleep patterns) occurs. Individuals have been known to experience withdrawal symptoms when they stop taking valerian abruptly.
After teaching a group of students about sedatives and hypnotics, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following as an example of a benzodiazepine-type hypnotic and sedative drug?
- A. Temazepam
- B. Eszopiclone
- C. Secobarbital
- D. Triazolam
- E. Zaleplon
Correct Answer: A,D
Rationale: Temazepam and triazolam are examples of benzodiazepine-type hypnotic and sedative drugs.
The nurse should withhold the hypnotic drug if assessment reveals which of the following?
- A. Respiratory rate is below 10 breaths/min.
- B. Blood glucose is above 200 mg/dL.
- C. The client appears lethargic.
- D. Blood pressure drops significantly.
- E. The client is having trouble sleeping.
Correct Answer: A,C,D
Rationale: The nurse should hold the hypnotic drug if the respiratory rate is below 10 breaths/min, the client appears lethargic, or the blood pressure drops significantly. Difficulty sleeping is the indication for administering the drug. Blood glucose is unrelated to the use of hypnotics.