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A nurse assesses a 66-year-old client who is attempting to quit smoking. The client states, 'I started smoking at age 16, and smoked one pack each day until 10 years ago. Then I decreased to a half of a pack per day.' How many pack-years should the nurse document for this client? Record your answer using a whole number.
- A. 40 pack-years
- B. 45 pack-years
- C. 50 pack-years
- D. 55 pack-years
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pack-years are calculated as packs per day multiplied by years smoked. The client smoked 1 pack/day for 40 years (66 - 16 - 10 = 40) and 0.5 pack/day for 10 years. Calculation: (1 ? 40) + (0.5 ? 10) = 40 + 5 = 45 pack-years.
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A nurse is providing care after auscultating clients breath sounds. Which assessment finding is correctly matched to the nurses primary intervention?
- A. Hollow sounds are heard over the trachea. The nurse increases the oxygen flow rate
- B. Crackles are heard in the trachea. The nurse encourages the client to cough perfectly
- C. Wheezes are heard in central areas. The nurse administers an inhaled bronchodilator
- D. Vesicular sounds are heard over the periphery. The nurse has the client breathe deeply
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Wheezes indicate narrowed airways, and an inhaled bronchodilator is the appropriate intervention to open air passages. Hollow sounds over the trachea are normal, crackles may require diuresis rather than coughing, and vesicular sounds in the periphery are normal, requiring no intervention.
A nurse assesses a client who is prescribed varenicline (Chantix) for smoking cessation. Which findings should the nurse identify as adverse effects of this medication? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Visual hallucinations
- B. Tachycardia
- C. Decreased cravings
- D. Impaired judgment
- E. Increased thirst
Correct Answer: A,D
Rationale: Varenicline has a black box warning for causing behavioral changes, including visual hallucinations and impaired judgment. Tachycardia and increased thirst are not associated adverse effects, while decreased cravings is a desired therapeutic effect.
A nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled to undergo a thoracentesis. Which intervention should the nurse complete prior to the procedure?
- A. Measure oxygen saturation after a 12-minute walk
- B. Verify that the client understands all possible complications
- C. Explain the procedure in detail to the client and the family
- D. Validate that informed consent has been given to the client
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Validating informed consent is critical before an invasive procedure like thoracentesis to ensure the client is aware of risks and agrees to the procedure. Explaining the procedure and verifying complications are typically the physician's responsibility, and a 12-minute walk is not relevant.
A nurse plans care for a client who is experiencing dyspnea and must stop multiple times when climbing a flight of stairs. Which intervention should the nurse include in this clients plan of care?
- A. Assistance with activities of daily living
- B. Assess the client's oxygen saturation levels
- C. Oxygen therapy at 2 liters per nasal cannula
- D. Complete bedrest with frequent repositioning
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Dyspnea with activity intolerance, such as stopping multiple times while climbing stairs, indicates functional limitation (class III). Assistance with activities of daily living supports the client's needs without restricting activity unnecessarily. Oxygen therapy or bedrest may not be indicated unless hypoxia or severe limitation is present.
A nurse auscultates a harsh hollow sound over a clients trachea and larynx. Which action should the nurse take first?
- A. Document the findings
- B. Administer oxygen therapy
- C. Position the client in high-Fowler's position
- D. Administer prescribed albuterol
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Harsh, hollow sounds over the trachea and larynx are normal breath sounds. The nurse should document this finding. No interventions like oxygen, positioning, or albuterol are necessary for a normal finding.