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A nurse at an outpatient clinic receives a call from a client who reports experiencing syncope after starting a new prescription for enalapril. Which of the following instructions should the nurse give the client?
- A. Increase dietary potassium.
- B. Withhold the medication if the pulse rate is less than 60/min.
- C. Decrease daily fluid intake.
- D. Rise slowly from a sitting position to a standing position.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Enalapril can cause hypotension, leading to syncope. Rising slowly prevents sudden blood pressure drops. Potassium, pulse-based withholding, or fluid reduction aren't directly related.
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A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving IV gentamicin. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
- A. The client reports mild nausea.
- B. The client's urine output is 30 mL/hr.
- C. The client's hearing has decreased.
- D. The client's blood pressure is 120/78 mm Hg.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Decreased hearing suggests ototoxicity, a serious gentamicin side effect requiring reporting. Nausea, low urine output, and normal BP are less urgent.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new prescription for escitalopram. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I should take this medication at bedtime.
- B. I might sweat more while taking this medication.
- C. I need to avoid dairy products.
- D. I can expect my symptoms to go away right away.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Escitalopram can cause sweating, showing understanding. Timing is flexible, dairy isn't restricted, and symptom relief takes weeks.
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving IV chemotherapy. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
- A. The client reports mild fatigue.
- B. The client's IV site is cool and swollen.
- C. The client's urine output is 200 mL over 4 hr.
- D. The client's temperature is 37.2°C (99°F).
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A cool, swollen IV site suggests extravasation, a chemotherapy emergency requiring reporting. Fatigue, normal urine output, and mild fever are less urgent.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new prescription for levofloxacin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Take this medication with an antacid to prevent stomach upset.
- B. You might experience tendon pain while taking this medication.
- C. You need to refrigerate this medication.
- D. You should avoid drinking water after taking this medication.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Levofloxacin can cause tendonitis or rupture, a serious side effect. Antacids reduce absorption, refrigeration isn't needed, and hydration is encouraged.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new prescription for valsartan. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I should take this medication with a high-potassium meal.
- B. I might need to check my blood pressure regularly.
- C. I need to avoid exercise.
- D. I can stop taking this medication if I feel better.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Valsartan requires blood pressure monitoring, showing understanding. Potassium meals, exercise avoidance, and stopping abruptly aren't appropriate.