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A nurse cares for a client who has a specific mutation in the a1AT (alpha-1 antitrypsin) gene. Which action should the nurse take?
- A. Teach the client to perform monthly breast self-examinations and schedule an annual mammogram.
- B. Teach the client to perform monthly breast self-examinations and schedule an annual mammogram.
- C. Advise the client to limit exposure to secondhand smoke and other respiratory irritants.
- D. Obtain a complete health history to identify other genetic problems associated with this gene mutation.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The a1AT gene mutation increases the risk of early-onset emphysema, so advising the client to avoid respiratory irritants like secondhand smoke is appropriate. This mutation is not associated with breast cancer or other genetic conditions requiring a broad health history.
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A nurse teaches clients about patterns of inheritance for genetic disorders among adults. Which disorders have an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Breast cancer
- B. Alzheimer's disease
- C. Hemophilia
- D. Huntington disease
- E. Marfan syndrome
- F. Cystic fibrosis
Correct Answer: A,D,E
Rationale: Breast cancer (via BRCA1/2 mutations), Huntington disease, and Marfan syndrome are autosomal dominant. Alzheimer's has complex inheritance, hemophilia is X-linked recessive, and cystic fibrosis is autosomal recessive.
A nurse cares for an adult client who has received genetic testing. The clients mother asks to receive the results. How should the nurse respond?
- A. Obtain a signed consent from the client allowing test results to be released to the mother.
- B. Invite the mother and other family members to participate in genetic counseling with the client.
- C. Encourage the mother to undergo genetic testing to determine if she has the same mutation.
- D. Direct the mother to speak with the client and support the clients decision to share or not to share the results.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Client confidentiality is paramount, and only the client can decide to share genetic test results. The nurse should direct the mother to discuss with the client, respecting the client's autonomy and privacy.
A nurse cares for an adult client who has received genetic testing. The clients mother asks to receive the results. How should the nurse respond?
- A. Obtain a signed consent from the client allowing test results to be released to the mother.
- B. Invite the mother and other family members to participate in genetic counseling with the client.
- C. Encourage the mother to undergo genetic testing to determine if she has the same mutation.
- D. Direct the mother to speak with the client and support the clients decision to share or not to share the results.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Client confidentiality is paramount, and only the client can decide to share genetic test results. The nurse should direct the mother to discuss with the client, respecting the client's autonomy and privacy.
A nurse cares for a pregnant client who has a family history of sickle cell disease. The client is unsure if she wants to participate in genetic testing. What action should the nurse take?
- A. Provide information about the risks and benefits of genetic testing.
- B. Emphasize with the client and share a personal story about a hereditary disorder.
- C. Teach the client that early detection can minimize transmission to the fetus.
- D. Advocate for the client and her baby by encouraging genetic testing.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Providing balanced information about the risks and benefits of genetic testing allows the client to make an informed decision without bias. Sharing personal stories or advocating for testing may influence the client's autonomy inappropriately.
A nurse cares for a client who recently completed genetic testing that revealed that she has a BRCA1 gene mutation. Which actions should the nurse take next? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Discuss potential risks for other members of her family.
- B. Assist the client to make a plan for prevention and risk reduction.
- C. Disclose the information to the medical insurance company.
- D. Assist the client to make a plan for prevention and risk reduction.
- E. Assess the clients response to the test results.
- F. Encourage support by sharing the results with family members.
Correct Answer: A,B,E
Rationale: The nurse should assess the client's emotional response, discuss familial risks, and assist with prevention and risk reduction plans. Disclosing to insurance companies violates confidentiality, and encouraging sharing with family is the client's decision, not the nurse's role.