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A nurse educator is teaching a class to nursing developing cervical cancer. Which client is at students about the incidence of sexually transmitted highest risk? infections (STIs) and their impact on public health.
- A. Client with a Pap test and an HPV screen positive Which is the most commonly reported STI in the for type 12 United States?
- B. Client who is 40 years old and stopped smoking
- C. Syphilis
- D. Gonorrhea
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most commonly reported sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the United States. HPV infection, especially high-risk types such as HPV-16, is strongly associated with cervical cancer. Therefore, a client who is positive for HPV type 16 on an HPV screen is at the highest risk for developing cervical cancer among the given choices. The nurse educator would need to emphasize the importance of regular screening, follow-up, and prevention strategies for this client to reduce the risk of cervical cancer development.
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The nurse is monitoring a client receiving oxytocin for labor induction. What finding requires the nurse to stop the infusion?
- A. Contractions every 2 minutes.
- B. Fetal heart rate of 100 beats/minute.
- C. Maternal blood pressure of 120/80 mmHg.
- D. Client reports mild back pain.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A fetal heart rate of 100 bpm indicates bradycardia and requires immediate discontinuation of oxytocin.
A client comes to the labor and delivery with polyhydramnios. She was admitted and her membrane ruptures is clear and odorless, but the fetal heart monitor indicate bradycardia and variable decelerations. What should action should be taken next?
- A. Perform vaginal exam (lot of fluid, check to see where baby is)
- B. High fowler position
- C. Warm saline soak vaginal
- D. Perform Leopold maneuver
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In this scenario, with the presence of polyhydramnios and clear, odorless amniotic fluid, the fetal heart monitor indicating bradycardia and variable decelerations indicates a potential umbilical cord compression due to excessive amniotic fluid volume. It is crucial to perform a vaginal exam promptly as this can help assess the position of the baby and determine if there is a cord prolapse or any other complications that may be affecting the fetal heart rate. The baby's position needs to be identified quickly to address potential issues and ensure a safe delivery process.
The nurse is educating a client about kick counts. When should the client contact the healthcare provider?
- A. Fewer than 10 movements in 2 hours.
- B. Fewer than 5 movements in 1 hour.
- C. No movements after drinking juice.
- D. No movements for 12 hours.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fewer than 10 movements in 2 hours is concerning and warrants further evaluation.
A nurse is caring for a client who is in labor and requests nonpharmacological pain management. Which of the following nursing actions promotes client comfort?
- A. Assisting the client into squatting position
- B. Having the client lie in a supine position
- C. Applying fundal pressure during contractions
- D. Encouraging the client to void every 6 hr.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Assisting the client into a squatting position can help relieve pain and discomfort during labor. Squatting can open up the pelvis, allowing the baby to descend and progress through the birth canal more effectively. This position can also help with gravity-assisted delivery, decreasing the pressure on the mother's back and helping to reduce labor pains. Encouraging various positions during labor can provide comfort and promote optimal positioning for delivery.
A nurse is caring for a client who experienced a vaginal delivery 12 hr ago. When palpating the client's abdomen, at which of the following positions should the nurse expect to find the uterine fundus?
- A. At the level of the umbilicus
- B. 2 cm above the umbilicus
- C. One fingerbreadth above the symphysis pubis
- D. To the right of the umbilicus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: After a vaginal delivery, the uterus typically undergoes involution, which is the process of the uterus returning to its pre-pregnancy size and position. At 12 hours postpartum, the uterine fundus should be palpated approximately one fingerbreadth above the symphysis pubis. This position indicates proper contraction of the uterus and helps prevent postpartum hemorrhage. As time progresses, the uterine fundus will gradually descend back into the pelvis.