Nokea
A nurse educator is teaching students the types of shock and associated causes. Which combination(s) of shock type and causative factors is correct? Select all that apply.
- A. Hypovolemic shock; blood loss
- B. Obstructive shock; kidney stone
- C. Cardiogenic shock; myocardial infarction
- D. Anaphylactic shock; nut allergy
- E. Septic shock; infection
- F. Neurogenic shock; diabetes
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E
Rationale: Shock is a life-threatening condition that occurs when arterial blood flow and oxygen delivery to tissues and cells are inadequate. Hypovolemic shock occurs when the volume of extracellular fluid is significantly diminished due to the loss of or reduced blood or plasma. Obstructive shock occurs when there is interference in blood flow through the heart. Cardiogenic shock occurs when the heart is ineffective in pumping possibly due to a myocardial infarction. Anaphylactic shock occurs from an allergen such as nuts. Septic shock occurs from a bacterial infection. Neurogenic shock results from an insult to the vasomotor center in the medulla or peripheral nerves.
You may also like to solve these questions
The nurse is planning care for a client diagnosed with cardiogenic shock. Which nursing intervention is most helpful to decrease myocardial oxygen consumption?
- A. Limit interaction with visitors.
- B. Avoid heavy meals.
- C. Maintain activity restriction to bedrest.
- D. Arrange personal care supplies nearby.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Restricting activity to bedrest provides the best example of decreasing myocardial oxygen consumption. Inactivity reduces the heart rate and allows the heart to fill with more blood between contractions. The other options may be helpful, but the best option is limiting activity.
The nursing student is preparing to care for an ICU client with shock. The instructor asks the student to name the different categories of shock. Which of the following is a category of shock?
- A. Hypervolemic
- B. Distributive
- C. Restrictive
- D. Cardiotonic
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The four main categories of shock are hypovolemic, circulatory (distributive), obstructive, and cardiogenic, depending on the cause. Distributive, restrictive, and cardiotonic are not categories of shock.
The nurse is caring for a motor vehicle accident client who is unresponsive on arrival to the emergency department. The client has numerous fractures, internal abdominal injuries, and large lacerations on the head and torso. The family arrives and seeks update on the client's condition. A family member asks, 'What causes the body to go into shock?' Given the client's condition, which statement is most correct?
- A. The client is in shock because the blood volume has decreased in the system.'
- B. The client is in shock because the heart is unable to circulate the body fluids.'
- C. The client is in shock because your loved one is not responding and brain dead.'
- D. The client is in shock because all peripheral blood vessels have massively dilated.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Shock is a life-threatening condition that occurs when arterial blood flow and oxygen delivery to tissues and cells are inadequate. Hypovolemic shock, where the volume of extracellular fluid is significantly diminished due to the loss of or reduced blood or plasma, frequently occurs with accidents.
The nurse is caring for a client in shock who is deteriorating. The nurse is infusing IV fluids and giving medications as ordered. What type of medications is the nurse most likely giving to this client?
- A. Hormone antagonist drugs
- B. Antimetabolite drugs
- C. Adrenergic drugs
- D. Anticholinergic drugs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Adrenergic drugs are the main medications used to treat shock due to their action on the receptors of the sympathetic nervous system.
Which compensatory mechanism, during the first stage of shock, does the nurse identify as responsible for stabilization of fluid balance?
- A. Catecholamines
- B. Corticosteroid hormones
- C. Renin-angiotensin
- D. Aldosterone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Corticosteroids, including mineral corticoids such as aldosterone, conserve sodium and promote potassium excretion. This plays an active role in controlling sodium and water balance. Catecholamines impact the sympathetic nervous system. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system impacts blood volume.