Nokea
A nurse has been assigned a patient who has recently been diagnosed with Guillain-Barre' Syndrome. Which of the following statements is the most applicable when discussing the impairments with Guillain-Barre' Syndrome with the patient?
- A. Guillain-Barre' Syndrome gets better after 5 years in almost all cases.
- B. Guillain-Barre' Syndrome causes limited sensation in the abdominal region.
- C. Guillain-Barre' Syndrome causes muscle weakness in the legs.
- D. Guillain-Barre' Syndrome does not affect breathing in severe cases.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Muscle weakness in the lower extremities is found in acute cases of Guillain-Barre' Syndrome.
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A patient has suffered a left CVA and has developed severe hemiparesis resulting in a loss of mobility. The nurse notices on assessment that an area over the patient's left elbow appears as non-blanchable erythema and the skin is intact. The nurse should score the patient as having which of the following?
- A. Stage I pressure ulcer
- B. Stage II pressure ulcer
- C. Stage III pressure ulcer
- D. Stage IV pressure ulcer
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Erythema with the skin intact can indicate a Stage I pressure ulcer.
Tricyclics (Antidepressants) sometimes have which of the following adverse effects on patients that have a diagnosis of depression?
- A. Shortness of breath
- B. Fainting
- C. Large Intestine ulcers
- D. Distal muscular weakness
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fainting and hypotension can be caused by Tricyclics.
A mother has come to the pediatric clinic concerned about the recent outbreak of West Nile Virus. The ages of her children are 5, 7, and 10. The mother has asked the nurse what she can do to prevent her children from contracting this illness. Which piece of information is best to provide the mother with?
- A. The children should wear long sleeves and long pants while outside.
- B. Apply insect repellant containing DEET when the children are outside.
- C. Remove standing water from the property.
- D. All of the above.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: It is recommended that the children wear insect repellant containing DEET and long-sleeve shirts and long pants when they are outside. Removing standing water can help decrease the number of breeding mosquitoes.
A client asks the nurse if all donor blood products are cross-matched with the recipient to prevent a transfusion reaction. Which of the following always requires cross-matching?
- A. Packed red blood cells
- B. Platelets
- C. Plasma
- D. Granulocytes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Packed red blood cells require cross-matching due to their antigens and antibodies, unlike platelets, plasma, or granulocytes, which do not contain red cells.
Hormonal agents are used to treat some cancers. An example is:
- A. thyroxine to treat thyroid cancer.
- B. ACTH to treat adrenal carcinoma.
- C. estrogen antagonists to treat breast cancer.
- D. glucagon to treat pancreatic carcinoma.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Estrogen antagonists are used to treat estrogen hormone-dependent cancer, such as breast carcinoma. A well-known estrogen antagonist used in breast cancer therapy is Tamoxifen (Nolvadex). This drug, in combination with surgery and other chemotherapeutic drugs, reduces breast cancer recurrence by 30%. Estrogen antagonists can also be administered to prevent breast cancer in women who have a strong family history of the disease. Thyroxine is a natural thyroid hormone. It does not treat thyroid cancer. ACTH is an anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the adrenal glands to release glucocorticoids; it does not treat adrenal cancer. Glucagon is a pancreatic alpha cell hormone that stimulates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis; it does not treat pancreatic cancer.