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A nurse has engaged in self-awareness and has come to understand his own personal beliefs and attitudes and has recognized some prejudicial ideas. Based on this understanding, which of the following would the nurse now be able to accomplish?
- A. Have a therapeutic relationship with a patient.
- B. Influence patients with certain biases.
- C. Change learned behaviors.
- D. Formulate values and morals.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Self-awareness, including recognizing personal biases, allows the nurse to set aside prejudices and engage objectively with patients, fostering a therapeutic relationship. Influencing patients with biases is unethical, changing behaviors requires more than self-awareness, and formulating values and morals is a broader personal process not directly tied to patient care.
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A patient is talking to the nurse about the recent death of her grandmother. She is obviously very sad, and a tear rolls down her cheek as she talks. The nurse remembers how she felt when her own grandmother died the previous summer. The nurse puts her hand on the patient?s shoulder and says, 'This must be very difficult for you.' The nurse is demonstrating empathy based on which of the following?
- A. The response comment reflects an attempt to communicate understanding of patient?s feelings.
- B. The nurse?s response and use of reassuring touch reinforce the nurse?s concern for the patient.
- C. The nurse demonstrates understanding of how the patient feels because of her own grandmother?s death.
- D. The nurse?s statement expresses compassion and kindness toward the patient.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Empathy involves understanding and communicating the patient?s feelings. The nurse?s statement and touch reflect an attempt to convey understanding of the patient?s grief, aligning with empathy. Option C describes countertransference, and options B and D describe compassion but not the specific mechanism of empathy.
A patient who is hospitalized with depression tells the nurse, 'I don?t want to take the medication because I?m afraid I?ll become suicidal.' Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate?
- A. Have you ever thought about hurting yourself?
- B. It?s important that you take this medication.
- C. I agree with you. I wouldn?t want to take this medication either.
- D. Another patient took that medication, and he really felt better.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The patient?s fear of becoming suicidal warrants immediate assessment for suicidal ideation. Asking 'Have you ever thought about hurting yourself?' directly addresses this concern and ensures patient safety. Other responses dismiss the fear, agree inappropriately, or provide irrelevant anecdotes, none of which address the patient?s concern effectively.
A nursing instructor is describing the nurse-patient relationship to a group of nursing students. Which of the following would the instructor emphasize as crucial for establishing and maintaining the relationship?
- A. Rapport
- B. Empathy
- C. Self-awareness
- D. Values
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rapport, a trusting and harmonious connection, is crucial for establishing and maintaining the nurse-patient relationship, fostering open communication. Empathy and self-awareness support rapport, but rapport is the foundation. Values guide practice but are less directly tied to the relationship.
When communicating with a patient, which of the following would the nurse use to convey positive body language?
- A. Sitting erect with back against the chair
- B. Crossing the arms over the chest
- C. Sitting at the patient?s eye level
- D. Keeping the feet flat on the floor with the legs crossed
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sitting at the patient?s eye level conveys openness, respect, and engagement, fostering positive communication. Crossing arms or legs can appear defensive, and sitting erect with back against the chair may seem rigid, less conducive to rapport.
A nurse responds to a patient?s statement with silence based on the rationale that this technique is used primarily to do which of the following?
- A. Allow the nurse to determine an appropriate response
- B. Permit the patient to gather his or her thoughts
- C. Encourage self-reflection by the nurse
- D. Demonstrate passive listening
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Silence in therapeutic communication allows the patient to gather thoughts, process emotions, or continue speaking, promoting deeper exploration. It?s not primarily for the nurse?s response planning, self-reflection, or passive listening, which is nontherapeutic.